Significance of Kalash (कुंभ) in Hindu Rituals
#Longthread
In Hinduism, Puja means (Sanskrit) Pu means Puto Ja means Jayate so it implies the method of purification. As such, Puja is a ritualistic procedure to prepare the body for divinization. According to the Puja Vidhana, Puja is of three types such as Para Puja, Apara Puja and Parapara Puja.
Para Puja is the highest form of Divine Consciousness in which worship is performed in the mental state through imagination and the Puja materials are the abstract objects of the inner body which are offered in the subtle form to the presiding deity inside one’s body. The Hindus regard it as Atma Peetha Pujanam.
Apara Puja is the worship of the gross forms known as Saguna Upasana in which gross Puja materials are offered to the deities. But Parapara Puja is the combination of both assimilating both gross and subtle forms.
Sthula Upasana or Apara Puja is important to purify the five gross elements of the body while Para Puja is essential for the purification of the inner bodily parts for the union of the Jivatma, individual Soul with Paramatma, Supreme Soul. Through these practices such a stage of contemplation happens when the Sadhaka realizes,
आत्मा त्वं गिरिजा मतिः सहचराः प्राणाः शरीरं गृहं
पूजा ते विषयोपभोगरचना निद्रा समाधिस्थितिः ।
संचारः पदयोः प्रदक्षिणविधिः स्तोत्राणि सर्वा गिरो
यद्यत्कर्म करोमि तत्तदखिलं शंभो तवाराधनम् ।।
According to Agama there are four places for worship known as catuṣ-sthana.
(a) Kumbha or Kalasha
(b) Maṇḍala - geometric design filled in with colour.
(c) Bimba/ Murti - an icon or image.
(d) Agni - fire
The kumbha is the indispensible accessory to all Tantric worship where invocation is performed. This jar is also known as kalaśa and comprises of a metal or clay jar decorated with a string of three colours red, white and black; it is filled with water and then spices (parimala dravya) are added along with precious stones (or a coin), herbs, and a betel leaf & nut.
The mouth of the kumbha is covered with five / Seven leaves from the five sacred trees or just five leaves from one of the sacred trees.
A coconut coloured yellow with turmeric is placed over the mouth of the jar. There are four dots (bindus) placed at each of the cardinal points on the outside of the kumbha, a kurca [bunch] of 24 darbha blades is placed in the jar and another kurcha of five blades tied with a special knot (brahma-granthi) is placed over the top of the whole kumbha. This decorated kumbha is then placed on a bed of raw rice on a lotus design.
Square at the bottom = earth, circle = water, triangle pointed up = fire, crescent = air and sunya atop - ⊙,
कलशस्य मुखे विष्णु कंठे रुद्र समाश्रिता: मूलेतस्य स्थितो ब्रह्मा मध्ये मात्र गणा स्मृता:।
A gopuram is a monumental entrance tower, usually ornate, with odd number (3, 5, 7, and 9) of kalasa on top, at the entrance of a Hindu temple, in the Dravidian architecture of the Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, and Telangana states of Southern India.
Kalasa is Panchaloha-metal called Pancha-patra vase filled with water, covered with 5-mango-leaves (grabha-patra) with Nava-dhanyas, and a coconut atop in Hindu ritual symbolizes God: invite all the holy rivers of Ganga, yamuna, godavari, saraswati, narmada, sindhu, kaveri into this water and all the gods (Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Shakti, Ganesh). The oceans as well are seated in various locations on the pot, so are all the vedas (Rigveda, yajurveda, samaveda). Pray to Gayatri for bringing peace.
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