China’s giant water diversion infrastructure
China is so good at infrastructure they even have aqueducts that cross over other aqueducts, think about that for a moment.
They are diverting water resources around the country on a scale that is unfathomable elsewhere in the world.
Nobody else marshals resources like this.
This requires a level of coordination across the national level that isn’t really possible in a pure market based economy that is mature enough to have the land fully owned by highly compartmentalised private owners.
The granular landownership of many countries is a complete blocker to projects on this scale.
The UK land ownership topography for example; is a rich patchwork of small 20 acre fields covering almost the entire country.
Some Western countries can’t build rail tracks any more because the land ownership is so complex and divided, and ownership rights super mature and protected by constitutional common law.
It’s like there’s a natural entropy based limit on how far a society can develop before dispersion and ossification makes further development practically impossible.
But the pictures below are an engineering marvel, entire seas can be moved if you have the will.
Metallic Honeycomb and Rockets
Steel and Aluminium honeycomb are severely underrated and underutilised as a fabrication material for engineering projects.
This is a skin-core-skin sandwich structure that maximises strength to weight efficiency.
It’s possible to manufacture very strong lightweight and highly survivable structures with this stuff.
Both outperform monolithic plate by 1-2 orders of magnitude on specific stiffness (40-50 fold gains).
You can achieve the same stiffness and structure strength with 80-90% less mass.
If I was building a large diameter reusable rocket, I would be using a stainless steel or aluminium honeycomb skin-core-skin, as the default material philosophy for my hull.
It’s not a panacea for pressure vessels etc, but honeycomb is superior for stiffness, acoustics and thermal stresses.
A 4mm monolithic hull such as Starship has a mass of 32kg/m^2.
A honeycomb of 0.5mm skin and a 20mm core would achieve 800-1,000% more structural stiffness with just 9.2kg/m^2.
This represents a 71% mass reduction on the hull and a 7-10% saving on the dry mass of the vehicle. Probably worth a few percent of deltaV or payload.
You could also save around 4 tonnes on the skirt and maybe 10 tonnes on internal decks.
Could probably get 30 tonnes out of Starship for +10% part cost, which would deliver around 8% more payload per launch. The economics are very favourable for a reusable vehicle with many launches over its working life.
I think New Glenn already uses honeycomb on some fairings and interstages, but it’s a material that people across industries should be using a lot more.
Once you understand how to use it in designs the benefits can be very significant. It’s not hard to work with and it can be made and shaped in bulk just like plate.
If you’re often specifying plate in your designs, consider honeycomb in your design reviews. Or just go buy some and get familiar with it.
Having said all this… Starship deliberately abandoned honeycomb because their philosophy is rapid manufacturing and rapid turnaround times. Monolithic hulls are cheap and easy to make (roll weld), and that makes scaling a fleet much easier, monolithic plate hulls are also easier to inspect (MPI / dye pen welds) so turnaround time is improved.
Starship trades 8% payload for 20% faster turnaround times.
Starship represent shipyard thinking over airplane thinking. In the previous design paradigm mass drives cost, in the Starship philosophy cost drives mass, and time drives cost.
Whether these decisions turn out to be optimal in the long run, time will tell. But the optimal is likely to be a combination of all the above.
So the moral of the story is that a lot of fabricated plate should be honeycomb, and some honeycomb should be fabricated plate.
🚀
A retarded Mexican group plans to protest with 50+ boats in the Gulf of America during Starship Flight 10 to force a range violation and delay the launch over 'environmental concerns'.
If they succeed in entering the restricted area, SpaceX will be forced to cancel the launch.
🚨 MILEI DESTRUYÓ A MANES ( DE NUEVO ) 🚨
"Manes es un MENTIROSO, dijo que le ROMPIERON el pecho con DOS TROMPADAS y fueron dos PALMADITAS, déjate de joder"
🔁 RT SI MANES TE PARECE UN PELOTUDO
1/ Let’s talk about collapse. Fires rage in Los Angeles, and no one can put them out—a clear symbol of a civilization unable to solve even its most basic problems. Joseph A. Tainter's "The Collapse of Complex Societies" provides a framework to understand why this happens.
1/ Let’s talk about collapse. Fires rage in Los Angeles, and no one can put them out—a clear symbol of a civilization unable to solve even its most basic problems. Joseph A. Tainter's "The Collapse of Complex Societies" provides a framework to understand why this happens.