flash

🅿️🔼 π

[vitalik.eth @VitalikButerin]

I don't recommend anyone scramble to move their funds to new wallets today. But we should take the risks to cryptography from AI-accelerated math seriously, and minimize our exposure to not just quantum-vulnerable cryptography, but also potentially AI-vulnerable cryptography.

The core new area of risk from this viewpoint is, unfortunately, ML-DSA / FHE / lattices.

(and it's also another reason, along with quantum, why ECDSA might fall even faster than expected, hence the "fresh address" recommendation)

So far most people have been in the mode of thinking "elliptic curves broken, hashes safe, lattices safe". But there is a good chance that the concrete security of lattices will take serious hits from the next two years of AI math.

The basic threat model is: factoring is something that naively takes 2^(n/2) time, but over decades smart people have found and optimized number field sieves, and degraded that to 2^O(n^(1/3)), which is why RSA keys and signatures need to be ~400 bytes (and not 64 bytes). What if there are skeletons in the closet like that, both for elliptic curves and lattices, that we are simply not smart enough to discover - but bots soon will be?

This is a major part of the reason why for the past year ethereum's lean roadmap has been going in the "hash-only" direction: no lattices, no ML-DSA, no Falcon, no lattice-based commitments inside ZK proofs, etc. Signatures in lean ethereum are all hash-based, either WOTS or SPHINCS-.

For signatures and proofs, we already know how to go hash-only. The bigger challenge is for *public-key encryption* - and this goes far beyond blockchains. Secure communication, anonymizing protocols, lots of things need public-key encryption.

And unfortunately there are long-standing mathematical theorems showing why public-key encryption cannot be done with hashes alone. You have to have some kind of trapdoor object that has at least one form of usable "structure" - either group theory (incl. isogenies) or lattices or code-based or potentially in the future even more newfangled and spooky things (local mixing?). But for anything that has structure, you should assume that AI will make at least some progress in breaking that structure. Here, one reasonable inference is that if you want to make something plausibly long-term secure, multiply the key sizes by 10.

To me that's a very plausible world and something not at all extreme to predict. If AI will bring us 50 years of math in 2 years, then that 50 years of math may very plausibly include a "naive factoring -> GNFS" level of improvement to our ability to break lattices. In that world, lattices will still exist, but they will have to be significantly bigger to guarantee the same level of safety.

And at those new larger sizes, hash-based constructions will beat lattice-based constructions on concrete efficiency in every use case where hash-based constructions are possible at all.

Theoretically, of course it's possible that hashes are broken too (eg. P = NP would imply that). But I think P = NP is very unlikely. And intuitively, it's much more likely that a mathematical object has exactly no exploitable structure (like hashes are intended to), than that a mathematical object has exactly ~3 forms of exploitable structure (for elliptic curves: associativity, Schoof, pairings) and not some secret fourth form of structure we have not yet discovered that greatly degrades its security (for elliptic curves, ECDLP and pairing security). Similar for LWE, SVP, RLWE and the zoo of lattice problems.

For this reason, we do not yet see any reason to worry and start padding the byte size of hashes (if we start to worry more, we would pad the round count first before doing anything to the byte size).

Concrete TLDR, my own personal views:

* Hash-based > lattice-based, in those situations where hash-based is possible at all
* For anything lattice-based, be much more paranoid on param sizes. Remember that blockchains are only a small portion of the cryptography story; this point goes far beyond blockchains and applies to eg. access to websites, secure messaging, Tor / VPNs ...
* For privacy protocols, strongly favor NOT putting encrypted notes onchain. Instead, send them offchain through some third-party mechanism.
* If it's not difficult for you, keeping your funds in addresses which have not yet been used to make a transaction is a good idea. If it's easy for you, do it. **But be careful about migrations; I personally have lost more money in botched migrations than I have lost in all hacks combined**.
* For multisig wallets, doing confirmations offchain is better than onchain, because this way the signatures of signer wallets do not get exposed to the public, so if ECDSA falls to AI much faster than expected, at least the multisig "gracefully degrades" to a 1-of-1 where the 1 is whoever was gathering the signatures - a much better place to be than "anyone can take the money"
https://t.co/oVjwZog2lL

[Department of State @StateDept]

Western civilization is worth defending.

[Q @Quanterty]

I was thinking about what would happen if @elonmusk bought a cat, tweeted it out and gave us a name

It would get deployed on SOL, ETH, BNB, Robinhood, etc

It would get deployed on PUMP, STONK, SEND, FLAP, LONG, PONS, etc

It would get deployed as a Tesla pair, SpaceX pair, regular pair, Tesla/SpaceX pair, etc

Crazy to think that if it happened it might just deadass go to 0 cause of how impossible it would be to determine a winner

[flash @Xflashcr]

https://t.co/HD0neMMZWm

Reasons why not trade on fomo in one reel

[flash @Xflashcr]

Translation

“British government found videos of Tates having sex with horse and eel”

WTF @Cobratate

[Justin Drake @drakefjustin]

Today I call upon the blockchain industry to calmly begin planning for "bunker mode". My personal recommendation is to set in motion a controlled mass migration of assets to fresh addresses, i.e. addresses whose pubkeys remain hidden behind a hash.

Holders, starting with large and sophisticated ones, should consider moving the bulk of their funds to addresses that have never signed a transaction. And when they do sign one, they should also move remaining funds to a new address (possibly generated from the same seed phrase).

Don't rush. While I believe there is cause for action a rushed migration would do more harm than good. Don't panic either. Moving assets to protected addresses is a simple, preventative step which does not require new cryptography or new wallets.

IMO it is now reasonable to brace for the possibility that ECDSA breaks before qday, in the worst case in months not years. By "break" I mean fast private key recovery (e.g. in one week) on available hardware (e.g. a large GPU cluster).

Recent days have been humbling for human mathematical intuition. Long-held, unquestioned hypotheses have fallen. This includes the n log(n) bound for integer multiplication and the 3SUM conjecture. In hindsight, May's unexpected disproof of the Erdős unit distance conjecture was our warning shot.

Yesterday's OpenAI drop made it clear that mathematical superintelligence is upon us. They say there are weeks where decades happen. We are about to live through weeks where centuries of mathematical progress happen. Could our magic 64-byte ECDSA signatures be too good to be true? Was it just security through obscurity all this time?

Elliptic curves feel especially vulnerable to superintelligence. Curves carry rich structure, with room for fancy tricks like Schoof, Frobenius, pairings. (By contrast, hashes are designed to minimise algebraic structure.)

Separately, as Ewin Tang can attest, an efficient quantum algorithm sometimes foreshadows an efficient classical one. We should be open to the possibility of a classical counterpart to Shor that breaks elliptic curves and RSA at once.

Also noteworthy is the striking under-representation of cryptographic breakthroughs among the 722 mathematical results OpenAI published. I've witnessed first-hand the US government censoring academic quantum cryptanalysis results. Backroom interventionism is my base case.

I urge large, sophisticated actors to lead by example. Project11's "risq list" (bitcoin-risq-list.projecteleven[.]com) is a great tracker of exposed BTC pubkeys. Binance, Bitbank, Robinhood, Bitfinex, and Tether have an opportunity to harden their cold storage. Next month I'll address institutions in London in a live Q&A (forum.ethereuminstitutional[.]org/london-2026).

Again, please do not rush. Wallets holding under 50 BTC enjoy partial cover from "Satoshi's shield", i.e. his 20K exposed addresses that hold 50 BTC each. Load-bearing signers like oracles and L2 security councils should consider rotating ECDSA pubkeys with every signed message and/or multi-signing with a hash-based schemes like SPHINCS.

Exiting bunker mode safely will require post-AI cryptography. My inclination is to go all-in on hash-based cryptography and avoid structured mathematical assumptions entirely, whether from curves, lattices, or isogenies. A single battle-tested hash (e.g. from the SHA or BLAKE families) yields plausible post-AI security.

The Ethereum roadmap on strawmap[.]org fully embraces hash-based cryptography with end-to-end formal verification as a response to the quantum threat. Those timelines must now be revisited and accelerated in light of mathematical superintelligence. I'll be pushing for maximum defensive acceleration.

[flash @Xflashcr]

You dont appreciate it until you lose it

[flash @Xflashcr]

@rasmr_eth If holding was easy everyone would do it

[flash @Xflashcr]

Private property

[flash @Xflashcr]

$ZC is PRIVACY

[flash @Xflashcr]

Gm

[flash @Xflashcr]

@FartmanSacks Waiting for ZC to rip 100mil then I’ll see you in 4 years

[flash @Xflashcr]

@DeltaXtc Name them

[flash @Xflashcr]

How do you get better at trading except losing money?

[flash @Xflashcr]

@IcedKnife Even if you down to 1hp

[flash @Xflashcr]

@eth_exy Slowly learning that no need to hit 20+ trades a day

[flash @Xflashcr]

@MissionGains Facts

[flash @Xflashcr]

Sleeping giant. Extremely undervalued here.

Am I in the red? Yes. People message me and make fun of me because I’m down half a million. And how do I feel? Normal.

Of course I’m down, but I’m not emotionally affected by it.

The people messaging me are basically projecting their own limits onto me when they see me underwater.

Avoid the noise. We will win.

It’s just A Meme Coin. It’s THE $MEME 🍟🍟

https://t.co/vGicXjNQHn

[Aurelius @Aurelius0121]

Sleeping giant. Extremely undervalued here.

Am I in the red? Yes. People message me and make fun of me because I’m down half a million. And how do I feel? Normal.

Of course I’m down, but I’m not emotionally affected by it.

The people messaging me are basically projecting their own limits onto me when they see me underwater.

Avoid the noise. We will win.

It’s just A Meme Coin. It’s THE $MEME 🍟🍟

[flash @Xflashcr]

Appreciate you guys for sharing thesis

@98sThoughts e/acc

and

@Aurelius0121 meme

Those are book statements

[flash @Xflashcr]

For those asking

I sacrificed my life for e/acc.

I am not "sick" about it pumping after I closed my oversized position. I'm super happy for everyone here, just don't want people to get the wrong idea.

Everything I said before is still true about e/acc and it's still the ultimate religion memecoin, this time I was the Max of e/acc.

E/acc was only held back by Paid, and the Paid situation held me back a lot, and that all added up. I made a conscious choice once my position was smaller to just move fully to the position I think will make me the most in the short term and come back when Paid has things sorted.

Even if I had 3% right now, it would be 450K and I would have had to dump it on you guys to realize it. Instead I'm in a much bigger token that raises the ceiling of e/acc and where I can win without everyone else losing.

The distribution is perfect and both tokens are doing well. We all win. So no, definitely not sick even if e/acc goes to 100M this week I've always seen this as bigger than pnl and wanted the people who are new to crypto to win and learn from my posts.

SI embodies the exact narrative I was in love with on e/acc, it wasn't a random choice.

If you don't like me or you do like me it's irrelevant but since everyone is asking I wanted to share this message. I never have bad intentions and I roundtripped all my profit and took losses.

Just don't forget how I bid 370 into the top to push the ceiling, how I dca'd the bottom when everyone dumped, how I wrote an essay to beff which caused him to revive it and how I didn't close or nuke at the top when you're talking on my name.

They love you, then they hate you, then they love you again.

If e/acc is pushing this high after everything I did and you still feel a way you're tripping.

I'm not re-buying right now I just wanted to share a message. And while you pray on my downfall I pray for your success <3

You're welcome. And thank you to everyone who here who supported me. We will all win. Hope you all make millions. And I'll be back :)

[flash @Xflashcr]

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