claude can show you ten sources and still have zero evidence...
Andrej Karpathy, co-founder of Openai, found the context failure that lets one rumor disguise itself as consensus
this is how the illusion forms...
an anonymous claim gets repeated by a newsletter, copied by five blogs and cited by a report. claude retrieves ten pages saying the same thing and reads repetition as confirmation, even though every page leads back to one unsupported sentence
the origin ledger traces each claim back to the earliest source that actually made it
the citation graph groups sources that copied or cited one another into a single evidence family
the independence gate stops claude from calling a claim confirmed until separate primary evidence exists
ten links can look like consensus... context engineering asks how many independent origins are behind them
the full system for stopping claude from treating rumors as evidence is in the article below