Kumusta po kayo? Sagutin ko na po ito nang hindi pasigaw, since may sufficient legal background naman ako dahil nagtuturo ako ng Law on Obligations and Contracts.
Sa batas, Article 1174 of the New Civil Code in particular, ang force majeure ay itinuturing na isang event that “could not be foreseen, or which, though foreseen, were inevitable.” Sa Tagalog, “hindi inaasahan o kung ito man ay inaasahan, ay hindi maiiwasan.”
Ngunit, hindi dahil may force majeure na, maaari na natin itong gamitin bilang dahilan upang baguhin ang existing rules o sabihing balakid ito para magampanan ng isang tao ang kanyang tungkulin o obligasyon.
Upang maging applicable ang force majeure, may apat itong requisites:
(1) The cause of the unforeseen and unexpected occurrence or of the failure of the obligor to comply with its obligations was independent of human will (ang sanhi ng hindi inaasahang pangyayari, o ng pagkabigo ng may obligasyon na tuparin ang kanyang tungkulin, ay malaya o wala sa kontrol ng kagustuhan ng tao);
(2) It was impossible to foresee the event or, if it could have been foreseen, to avoid it (imposible na maasahan ang pangyayari o, kung sakaling maasahan man ito, imposible itong maiwasan);
(3) The occurrence rendered it impossible for the obligor to fulfill its obligations in a normal manner (dahil sa pangyayaring ito, naging imposible para sa may obligasyon na tuparin ang kanyang tungkulin sa normal na paraan); and
(4) Said obligor was free from any participation in the aggravation of the injury or loss (ang taong may obligasyon ay walang kinalaman o hindi nakibahagi sa pagpapalala ng pinsala o pagkawala).
Hindi rin dahil applicable ang force majeure sa isang sitwasyon ay pwede na itong basta-basta gamitin sa ibang sitwasyon.
Ngayon, gamitin natin ito sa kaso ni Senator Bato. Kunwari gagamitin itong ground para payagan siyang bumoto online habang ang ibang mga miyembro ng Senado ay physically present sa isang pagpupulong. Sa tingin ko, hindi pwede. Walang force majeure na masasabi.
Una, ang sanhi ng pagkabigo ni Senator Bato na tuparin ang kanyang tungkulin ay hindi independent of human will. Walang pumipigil sa kanya na pumasok sa Senado. Siya mismo ang umiiwas pumasok.
Pangalawa, dapat ang mismong force majeure ang dahilan kung bakit imposible para sa kanya na makapasok. Ano ang kinalaman ng mga sinasabing giyera sa pagpasok niya sa Senado? Bakit ngayon lang ito binanggit? At kung totoo man, bakit siya lamang ang hindi makapasok? Bakit ang ibang mga senador ay nakakadalo naman?
Kailangan tandaan na ang force majeure ay dapat magdulot ng actual impossibility, hindi mere difficulty, inconvenience, o personal preference lamang.
At huli sa lahat, bakit hindi ilagay sa resolution ang tunay na purpose kung bakit kailangang baguhin ang rules? Kung may sapat na basehan, bakit kailangang madaliin? Bakit hindi pwedeng pag-usapan nang maayos sa plenaryo? Bakit hindi na lamang sagutin ang mga tanong ng mga kapwa senador?
If the amendment is supported by compelling institutional necessity, then transparency as to its purpose should not be difficult to provide.
Hindi dapat binabago ang rules dahil lamang gusto ito ng mas nakararami. May proseso ang institusyon ng Senado. Galangin natin ito.
Okay? Okay.
“...or they are in a hurry because of news reports that two of our colleagues might land in jail this weekend?”
SENATOR TULFO SPITTING FACTS ONLY I LOVE THIS 😭😭😭
A dog failed his service dog exam, and was later seen at a train station carrying the reason why.
People at the station couldn’t stop staring when the dog walked onto the train with a stuffed elephant held proudly in his mouth.
At first, everyone thought it was part of his training.
But his owner started laughing and explained the truth.
The dog had been training to become a service dog, but during one of his final tests, he kept getting distracted by an elephant plushie nearby. Instead of staying focused, he tried to steal it like it was the only thing in the room that mattered.
That was the moment he failed.
But his owner said he couldn’t be mad. The dog had tried his best, and even if he wasn’t meant to be a service dog, he was still loyal, gentle, and full of love.
So before they left, he bought him the elephant toy.
That night, the dog didn’t pass the exam, but he still went home with the person who chose him anyway.
Hindi porket anti Duterte eh pinipilit na kayong maging Leni, at lalong hindi kami loyalist! Let us all be a Pro Philippines, stop with being fanatic sa politics!!
a 17 year bagging groceries , and asked if I wanted my bread on top.
I replied yes.
He nodded seriously nd said, "Good call. Structural integrity is everything.
Then he arranged my bags like he was building a cathedral.
and his coworker laughed at him.
But my bread arrived home unpunched, my tomatoes unbrushed.
Sometimes the people who care too much about small things are exactly who we need always really ..