WHO WAS MUTWIRA OF THE MAUNGWE?
Mutwira (nicknamed Madziwa) was the leader of the Ungwe people in the Rusape area of present-day Manicaland, Zimbabwe. The name “Madziwa” derives from his association with the waters/pools of the Rusape River.
Origins and Early Context (c. 1500s)
Oral traditions preserved by the Mhina/Chipunza and related Makoni (Nyati/buffalo-linked) lineages describe the following:
Around 1500, Gunguwo (an elephant hunter, wadzimba, linked to the title Dzimbahwe) lived in the Tanganyika region. Conflict over hunting rights led him to send his son Sabarawara, along with grandsons Jembere (later Chipunza) and Muswere (later Makoni), south to seek new land.
They reached the area south of present-day Epiphany Mission near Rusape and encountered Mutwira, leader of the local Ungwe people who lived in caves along the Rusapwe (Rusape) River. Mutwira’s people are portrayed as earlier inhabitants of the area.
Mutual exchange occurred: the newcomers taught Mutwira fire-making (for roasting fish and cooking) and the use of salt; rituals followed. An agreement allocated land west of the Rusape River (up to the Mucheke) to Sabarawara’s group, while Mutwira retained the east.
Nicknames were exchanged: Mutwira called Sabarawara mubvakure (“one from afar”); Sabarawara called Mutwira madziwa (“of the pools/waters”) because of his riverside/cave dwelling.
Gunguwo later died during the southward migration (after crossing the Zambezi, near Chief Chipuriro’s area). His remains and knobkerrie became sacred objects of the Mhina chieftainship, carried by successive rulers. The group settled at Chipadze (Harleigh Ruins area) with Mutwira’s agreement. The Mhina people and Mutwira’s Ungwe descendants are said to have coexisted peacefully thereafter.
Later Developments and Makoni Separation
After Sabarawara’s death (during an epidemic at Chipadze), Jembere (Chipunza) succeeded. Muswere, who had been hunting east of the Rusape, arranged with Mutwira for additional land there.
Traditions state that Mutwira later felt cheated and nicknamed Muswere Mukoni/Magone (origin of the Makoni name). Muswere established a separate chieftainship east of the river.
In 1625, after Jembere’s death, Muswere declined to return and rule at Chipadze, formalizing the split: Chipunza/Mhina continued in the original area, while Makoni developed independently (later associated with the Makoni Reserve / Sangano). The two Nyati-linked groups maintained brotherly relations and mutual military support (e.g., Chipunza aid in the Mhanda battle against Mutasa forces).
Colonial-era land policies (especially the 1930 Land Apportionment Act) displaced many Mhina people from Matunhu/Headlands (declared commercial farmland). Chief Chipunza was moved to Chiduku Reserve/Mutungagore in the mid-1940s, with only a limited number of villages; subjects dispersed widely. Colonial appointments later complicated paramountcy claims between Chipunza and Makoni houses. The Chipunza chieftainship continues, with successive rulers as custodians of Gunguwo’s remains and the traditional knobkerrie.
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They Tortured Our Editors and Came for My Passport
Thirty years on, The Zimbabwe Independent is still standing.
By Trevor Ncube
How We Started
In February 1996 I was fired as Editor-in-Chief of The Financial Gazette for being too critical of Robert Mugabe.
On 10 May 1996 The Zimbabwe Independent went on sale with me as its editor.
Everything I have done since lives inside those three months.
Elias Rusike, my publisher at the Fingaz, had pulled me from a nascent career as a teaching assistant at the University of Zimbabwe and introduced me to journalism.
Under my editorship the paper took a strong stance against Mugabe’s dictatorial tendencies and, with the help of Zanu-PF moderates, was instrumental in dissuading him from a one-party state and one-man rule.
Rusike complained bitterly about our strident reporting and, after almost eight years at the helm, and two years after I had been named Editor of the Year, he suspended me for three months without pay and then, at the intervention of Eric Kahari, fired me with three months’ salary.
I was angry. I felt humiliated, betrayed and discarded.
It did not help that the people I thought were my friends were nowhere to be seen.
I sat at home with a family and a mortgage and not a single job offer in Zimbabwe.
Unbeknown to me, Clive Murphy and Clive Wilson, who had sold the Fingaz to the Rusike consortium and served out their restraint of trade, were contemplating a return to publishing.
They saw my dismissal as their moment. Partnering with the two Clives and Sarah Thompson was not a brave choice.
It was the only realistic option I had to earn a living.
The Team
I was given the job of assembling the newsroom, and in my fresh anger and woundedness I relished the prospect of raiding the Fingaz and hurting the man who had fired me. I was convinced this would be the end of the Fingaz. Fortunately, I failed.
There was a lesson in that failure. Strong brands survive the loss of staff.
And you do not build anything by staring at the door that has just closed; you build by walking through the one that has opened.
My first recruits from the Fingaz were Barnabas Thondlana, Basildon Peta, Sunsleey Chamunorwa, Ngoni Chanakira and Joram Nyathi.
The late Iden Wetherell joined as Deputy Editor. We even took Muckraker.
We also deliberately set up a desk for interns, trainees and freelancers.
It produced Dumisani Muleya, Busani Bafana, Vincent Kahiya and many more. We were growing our own timber.
On 10 May 1996 we put 10 000 copies on the streets. They sold out.
Our four names were known, and that reputation attracted the advertising and subscriptions that funded the business for close to a year and underpinned the launch of The Standard the following year.
The Stories
Our first editorial pledged: “We therefore pledge ourselves to expose misgovernance and corruption wherever those twin evils manifest themselves. That includes the corporate world.”
We broke big stories. Graceland was the mansion Grace Mugabe was building and the land she was acquiring.
Zimbabwe’s casualties in the war in the Democratic Republic of Congo brought us into collision with a government that did not want citizens to know how many were dying, even as the families of the dead demanded accountability.
Brian Hungwe, a rookie journalist with a nose for a scoop, broke that story and stayed with it.
The other story we broke and owned was the looting of the War Victims Compensation Fund. Senior politicians were making huge claims from the fund ahead of the genuine war veterans it was meant for.
The scandal fuelled the discontent that drove the militant demand for land and money by Dr Chenjerai Hunzvi’s Zimbabwe National Liberation War Veterans Association.
This was the genesis of the chaotic and violent land reform whose ghosts still haunt the nation and our economy.
Our sister paper The Standard soon broke a bigger story: discontent within the military and speculation of a mutiny.
Global icon and humanitarian, Dolly Parton, known to the world as a beloved singer, songwriter, philanthropist, actress, playwright, and author died peacefully today in Nashville, Tennessee. She was 80 years old.
Dolly is preceded in death by her beloved husband of 59 years Carl Thomas Dean (1942 – 2025), her mother Avie Lee Caroline Owens (1923 – 2003), and father, Robert Lee Parton, Sr. (1921 – 2000).
A rhinestone life that shone bright enough for the world to see, Dolly will forever stand as an inspiration not only through her timeless music and prolific songwriting, but also her wit, warmth, and kindness that made us all feel like family. Dolly Parton’s legacy is one of love, compassion, and resilience. With a seven-decade career, she inspired multiple generations of artists and fans with her music and an unwavering commitment to making the world a better place. Her songs will continue to resonate with people of all ages, and her philanthropic work will have a lasting impact.
At Dolly’s request, a small, private service will be held for immediate family. Dolly’s fans and friends from around the world are encouraged to pay tribute to Dolly on social media by tagging @DollyParton or by leaving a message at https://t.co/cLu9I7M2wC
In lieu of flowers the family asks for donations to be made to Dolly Parton’s Imagination Library at https://t.co/arzrqInqJA
Human rights lawyer @obeyshava1 says the filing of a contempt of court application by @ZMutimutema against Defence Minister Hon. Oppah Muchinguri, is meant to ensure that court orders are obeyed by everyone without exception.
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The Promise and Peril of Artificial Intelligence:
Implications for Higher Education
By Prof. Arthur G.O. Mutambara
Find attached the Professional Video of the Public Lecture:
https://t.co/KDVdgAulVA
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Doroi Camp in Mozambique around 1977 and 78. Dear youngsters. The liberation war was real. As I have always said; 13 years of a bloody civil war that still stands out as one of the longest in the world. Young people were rounded up in villages and taken to Mozambique. And this is how they lived. They didn’t suffer to this level just for @wicknellchivayo Kuda Tagwireyi or Emmerson and his kids to live their lavish lifestyles. It was out of a spirit of altruism in them and some, if not most were force under gunpoint. They had no choice. You say no, you die. They were too young to consent. Do you think Douglas Mahiya ever experienced this? You can express your rage and indignation against ZANU PF, but don’t rewrite the history; don’t forget there were decent young people who most whom them are nolonger alive who sacrificed their lives. They went through horror in their young age. Watch this and take a back sit and think deep about their ordeal. Majority of ZANU PF people who are pillaging plundering they never experienced. And so please let’s separate the opportunists from the real heroes.
JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon on the day he was fired from Citigroup after 15 years: "my boss called me in and said we want you to resign - to which I said, OK. I went home. the youngest one said, Dad, do we have to sleep on the streets?"
this is him explaining how he rebuilt a bank from a $511 million loss into the largest in America, what he does every Sunday with the problems he is avoiding, and what he told the man who fired him a year later
"it was my net worth, not my self-worth"
"I called him a year later. I told him I didn't think he did the right thing for Citigroup. then I told him the mistakes I made. he acknowledged my mistakes"
"if you split a taxi receipt, that's stealing. if I caught you doing that, I'd fire you"
"would you have your child work for that person? half the time we promote people, we would not let our kid work for them"
bookmark & watch the full conversation ↓