When you’re asked to localize the lesion in a patient with aphasia, do you suddenly feel speechless?
At a loss for words to categorize the type of aphasia?
Never fear—here is the decision tree for patients w/aphasia and the associated anatomic correlates
Three main questions:
1. Fluency? Nonfluency indicates damage to the FRONTAL language regions anterior to the fissure of Rolando
2. Comprehension? Impaired comprehension indicates damage to the TEMPOROPARIETAL language regions posterior to the fissure of Rolando
3. Repetition? Impaired repetition indicates damage within the core PERISYLVIAN language zone
The answers will lead you both to the type of aphasia and the location of the lesion.
Keep this figure with you for quick reference—and then when you’re asked about a patient with aphasia, you will have a lot to say!
Tired of always speculating about MR spectroscopy?
If you've ever looked at an MR spectroscopy & thought: "I have no idea what I’m looking at!"--then this cheat sheet is for you!
Here are the 5 basic rules you need so you can understand the spectrum of basic spectroscopy!
(1) First you need to know the peaks.
—3 main peaks: Choline, Creatine, NAA
—Remember the order bc a spectrum looks like mountain peaks & it is cold in the mountains. And CHOld CREATures NAp or hibernate in the mountains
(2) Hunter’s angle:
—Most people know that the peaks of the spectrum should go up at you move lateral, called Hunter’s angle
—Most bad things reverse Hunter’s angle
—Ask yourself: Is my arrow pointed up to shoot into the air at the enemy (good) or is point to the ground where it will hit the dirt (bad)
(3) TE & spectrum length are inversely related
—Spectroscopy follows the rule: speak softly & carry a big stick.
—Short TE = long spectrum, lots of extra peaks for glutamate/glycine, myoinsitol
—Long TE = short spectrum, mainly the basic 3 peaks
(4) Each region has its own unique signature
—Each brain region has its own unique composition of compounds that might alter Hunter’s angle a bit, but not reverse it
—Need a control in contralateral normal brain so compare apples to apples
(5)Lactate peak goes like a sine wave
—Lactate peak represents anerobic metabolism—sign of cells in trouble
—It’s at 1.3ppm. Remember this bc 13 is an unlucky number & lactate is an unlucky sign!
—It’s like a sine wave: up at short TE (35), down at intermediate TE (144), and up again at long TE (244)
—You can use this flipping to better visualize the lactate peak
—You can remember it’s down in the middle TE bc when you’re caught in the middle, you’re down & out
Just remember these tricks & you will be spectacular at basic spectroscopy!
@pulsiond3muerte A mi también me aterraban las 2 únicas formas posibles de sacar al bebé pero la verdad es que el parto no es tan terrible y siempre existe la analgesia que hace todo mucho mejor! :D
1/Tired of always speculating about MR spectroscopy?
If you've ever looked at an MR spectroscopy & thought: "I have no idea what I’m looking at!"--then this cheat sheet is for you!
Here's a thread on the 4 basic rules you need to understand the spectrum of basic spectroscopy!
1/Want to understand skull base surgery?
Just follow your nose!
Endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) through the nose is becoming standard
Do YOU know what to look for in these patients?
Answer is right under your nose in this thread about EEA from Contemporary Neurosurgery!