I have spent a lot of time talking shit at people with opinions on Venezuela's oil production potential, and how it's going to "RePLaCe CanADa". So here's my contribution -- how I see the cost of replacing Canadian crude with Venezuelan heavy.
I think it's a nearly $1 trillion bill to get that done. I'm not sure who has a spare $1 trillion in their jeans.
Venezuela's natural domestic consumption is ~1MMB/d, so to completely replace Canada and reach 3MMB/d of export capacity, the country needs to grow production to ~4MMB/d of production, a level they have never hit before. Exports never really exceeded more than ~1.2MMB/d.
They have one main export terminal (Puerto José) capable of ~1.2MMB/d and other smaller terminals gets them to realistically, 1.7MMB/d, so they need +1.3MMB/d in just export capacity and storage facilities, that's $5-10Bn. On the US side there needs to be minor import expansion, but not super major, around $1Bn.
Then, they have to get the oil flowing north. You'd be able to repurpose some Canadian pipelines (if we assume no USGC re-export), but right now Mid-Valley Pipeline is the only major remaining heavy trunk line that moves oil from the USGC region northward into the Midwest. So you need +3MMBbls/d of crude pipelines that move crude north which would run around $30-50Bn. Then you also need a condensate return line for another $10Bn.
Venezuelan crude has higher levels of metals and a higher TAN than Canadian exports, so you need to retool the refineries accepting the new sauce, that's another $50-90Bn on the tab.
Cause there's not enough VLCCs in the world to service this, you also need to build new tankers for the shuttle service. 30 new VLCCs will cost $4-8Bn.
Then onto the upstream. I'm going to say that if you're getting super majors to really invest in Venezuela, they're going to do tertiary recovery which is overwhelmingly the right play over 20+ years with current SAGD tech (SAGD wasn't commercial when Venezuela grew the first go-round). Using foamy oil to get to 4MMBbls/d and keep it there for 10-20+ years is impossible (we're replacing Canada so we need a 20+ year RLI).
Right now, Venezuela produces oil cold, and uses depleting reservoir pressure to bring that oil to surface. For a true Canada replacement, you need heat, which is going to be expensive! But we're not building new upgraders (replacing Canadian heavy), but even then upgrading capacity is only ~0.7MMB/d.
The problem is they don't have the power infrastructure to add the power needed for 3MMBbls/d of SAGD for steam generation, and even for primary recovery they don't have the electricity they need. So you need to build 10-15 GW of new power infra, at gas-fired capital cost including transmission and the new midstream infra to move gas (including LNG import terminals), that's another $40-75Bn just to get the power to the SAGD facilities. There are constant rolling blackouts in the country. You also need ~7-900MB/d of diluent looping on the Venezuela side, including DRUs for another ~$25Bn. Other local midstream refurb is at least $15Bn to replace ashphalted and corroded trunk lines. Any North American firm would also have to commit to cleaning up Lake Maracaibo which is a $10Bn commitment.
For the actual upstream facilities, I'm just going to use a pretty general number based on 125% of Canadian Greenfield costs, so ~$45K/Bbl/d, and lets just call it 2.8MMB/d that's another ~$125Bn for the actual production facilities and ~$220Bn in sustaining CAPEX while everything ramps, and inevitable 5yr issues will add another $10Bn.
There are also very little functional logistics infrastructure. The Tinaco-Anaco rail line was never completed, so you'd have to finish that. All copper has been inevitably stripped and looted, you'd have to rebuild all sorts of worker camps, airports/airstrips, rail spurs, trainload facilities. You'd need to re-dredge the Orinoco River ($15Bn), complete the Tinaco-Anaco line ($20Bn), build 1,000 miles of new heavy spec roads ($25Bn), and you'd need to refresh all of the civil infrastructure cause nobody from Houston is going to live in Venezuela as it stands. So you're going to shoulder that in wages, or Fort Mac copy-paste CAPEX for ~$40Bn. You are also, in the growth/construction and first 5 years going to spend $50-60Bn on paying employees/EPC/other contractors. You need at least 50,000 people in offices and fields to get this done. Of course, security too. Petrominerales spent ~$2.50/BOE on security, so +3MMB/d over 5 years is ~$10Bn on security.
So all-in we're at ~$700Bn in both direct upstream costs, and indirect costs. All-in, this is a $1 trillion project to grow exports ~3MMB/d. There is short-term growth to be had, but it's not sustainable growth. There is also huge long-term potential, but it's not the same as drilling a pad in the Permian and ripping a tie-in to Energy Transfer. It's a freaking massive commitment. The country is pretty much dilapidated, and until super majors (and other infra builders) begin committing to the full-cycle costs associated with realizing the country's potential, the upside is not as robust as many would want you to believe.
- Export terminal ($8Bn) and import refresh ($1Bn)
- Pipelines from USGC to Midwest ($40Bn) and then a condensate return line ($10Bn)
- Retooling refineries ($75Bn)
- New tankers for shuttle service ($6Bn)
- Lake Maracaibo clean up ($10Bn)
- New power infrastructure for the upstream growth at a post-AI inflated capital cost ($60Bn)
- New diluent looping ($25Bn)
- Actual upstream production facilities and <5yr sustaining capital and issue contingency ($355Bn)
- Full logistics and civil infrastructure overhaul (~$100Bn) and security ($10Bn).
US imports chart by @Rory_Johnston
To the new Venezuelan oil bulls with the "300 Billion Barrels" largest-in-the-world reserves charts today, the real number is 25 billion.
Congratulations, welcome to the Orinoco Belt.
API Gravity: 8° ("Extra Heavy"). Sulfur: High ("Sour"). Metals: Yes, lots of Vanadium (poison to refinery catalysts).
It's not Light Sweet Crude; it's road pavement that hasn't dried yet.
Chemistry is a wonderful thing, and the industry can turn this sludge into jet fuel, but it costs a fortune.
In reality, Venezuela's economically recoverable reserves are 25 billion barrels of heavy, sour, metallic oil.
Today's free Oil 101 lesson: Volume is vanity. Viscosity is sanity.
I learned about the concept of ‘pastiche’ in Frederic Jameson’s “Post-Modernism & Consumer Society.”
Once you become aware of it, you’ll notice it everywhere, including in half of the songs nominated for Song of the Year at the Grammys as @rickbeato revealed in his latest video.
I exposed extensive migrant shelter fraud in massachusetts. The governor knew about this and likely profited from it. $42 per migrant meal that is beyond waste, that is fraud. $100,000 a month for free lyft rides after the migrants are given nice cars, and much more.
🚨 Here is the full 42 minutes of my crew and I exposing Minnesota fraud, this might be my most important work yet. We uncovered over $110,000,000 in ONE day. Like it and share it around like wildfire! Its time to hold these corrupt politicians and fraudsters accountable
We ALL work way too hard and pay too much in taxes for this to be happening, the fraud must be stopped.
Unregistered megalithic site, DEEP in the Ancash region of Peru. Took several hours to drive from the nearest town, and then a several hour hike to make it to the location. 100% worth the effort. More to come!
🚨BREAKING NEWS: Could this be Atlantis?
Atlantis may have just surfaced—beneath the waters near Cádiz, Spain! Renowned archaeologist Michael Donnellan unveiled groundbreaking sonar scans today revealing ancient circular submerged structures eerily aligned with Plato’s legendary city. These formations lie just off the Spanish coast, and Donnellan suggests a gigantic tsunami could have wiped out Atlantis thousands of years ago jpost.com+1jpost.com+1.
Key takeaways:
🔍 Geometric alignments that match descriptions by Plato.
🌊 Tsunami hypothesis could explain rapid disappearance.
🧭 If confirmed, this may be the most spectacular archaeological discovery of our era.
What’s next? Underwater excavations and carbon dating tests are planned to verify age and origin. Could we finally have identified the real Atlantis?
There are letters Velikovsky and Einstein exchanged that have only been seen by them (deceased), Michael Steinbacher (deceased) and me.
They describe the crustal shift.
Warning: The South Atlantic Anomaly has expanded by an area nearly half the size of continental Europe since 2014.
—
Using 11 years of magnetic field measurements from the European Space Agency’s Swarm satellite constellation, scientists have discovered that the weak region in Earth’s magnetic field over the South Atlantic – known as the South Atlantic Anomaly.
It is concerning as it portends to a magnetic or worse crust flip…
Link; https://t.co/vIg6gbxVI8
The Erika Kirk Israeli honey trap rabbit hole gets deeper and more sinister the more you dig…
Erika needs to answer why she and her family have lied so much about their past, including the original reason she moved to Arizona, and the depth of her parents’ involvement with the DoD, DHS, intelligence community and yes…Israel.
So Iran has nukes already.
The US and Israel have suspected this for a long time.
They're just not sure where they are.
But they're going to blow up Iran's nuclear sites, some of which contain actual nukes.
That said, a nuke is unlikely to detonate if hit by a conventional explosive.
Still, radiation is a problem. Start taking iodine if you live in the ME.
Esta semana decidimos volver al tema de la IA, tan importante en la actualidad. 🤖
'ENFOQUE SOTT: Inteligencia Artificial y el sueño totalitario de la tecnocracia globalista - SRN en español'
https://t.co/3adiULx1sI
To understand what went on in Douglas Murray’s head on Rogan, consider that you can apparently use hypnosis to tell a subject that a person has left the room who in reality is still there, and afterward the subject literally cannot see that person: he’s invisible.
Similarly, to Murray, the obvious atrocities in Gaza, as well as the substance of certain criticisms of the postwar consensus, are quite literally invisible. When he is forced to think about these things, his mind bounces off that particular thought structure as if it hit a force field. It cannot go there. If pressed, for the brief instant of contact with the thought structure, his mind immediately conjures up rationalizations, no matter how absurd and incoherent, which is really an expression of the “repelling force”.
This explains why he and others like him think the entire internet (as present in the comments) must be wrong, evil, deluded: if they tell you that the person is right in front of you but you can’t see it, you must conclude they are insane, when in fact, you have been hypnotized (or self-hypnotized) to not see.
It also explains the comical meta-nature of the “debate”, arguing about experts, credentials, straw men etc. That’s what a mind guided by the “repelling force field” does, because it literally can’t access the substance: it is invisible.
The “hypnosis” is reinforced and motivated by the extreme levels of internal pain that would be unleashed were he to admit his errors in judgment. His whole internal world would collapse, causing a massive identity crisis that only an orientation towards a deeper reality, apart from material markers of success or comfort, could bridge and heal.
To realize one had been hypnotized to ignore crucial aspects of reality and built an entire persona around it, and to realize this persona now has to go, is akin to death. Hence the concept of spiritual death and rebirth, of resurrection.
Murray looks precisely like someone in such a hypnotized state, building walls around his ultimately fake persona, in his case walls made of smug, condescending arrogance and contradictory non-arguments - all of it blatantly obvious as seen from the outside.
The man is right in front of you, Douglas. He has never left the room.
Jordan Peterson has multiple copies of Political Ponerology. It's clear he hasn't read any of them, particularly the sections on schizoidal psychopathy. Only a shill denounces one side as psychopaths and whitewashes the other's equally (or more, as the case may be) psychopathic psychopaths.