Mallikarjun Gandla

Astrophile • MADRAS • MUFC • LOTR • MSDhoni • Nolan • Trivikram • Vikings • CSK

[Mallikarjun Gandla @ArjunExplorer]

'MADRAS' - a synonym to the glorious heritage ❤️✨

On this #WorldHeritageDay let's remember few of city's rich iconic structures which stands to the testimony of time.

#Chennai #heritage #History
@chennaicorp @MadrasMobile @IamRagbon @TheVenks @updates_tn @UpdatesChennai

[Mallikarjun Gandla @ArjunExplorer]

@shanmugamchin10 @mkstalin @MuKa1970 @RahulGandhi @TRBRajaa Happy Birthday brother 💐🎂

[Ancient History Hub @AncientHistorry]

Troy Ancient City

Troy Ancient City, located on Hisarlık Hill in Çanakkale, Turkey, is a historical settlement with a history of approximately 5000 years. It is famous as the site of the Trojan War, as described in Homer's Iliad epic. Inhabited from around 3000 BC, the city was an important center on trade routes between the Aegean and Anatolia due to its strategic location. Archaeological excavations were started by Heinrich Schliemann in the 19th century and revealed a nine-layered settlement. Troy offers cultural and historical richness with its layers spanning from the Bronze Age to the Roman Period. It is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

[99.9%கெட்டவன்..😍 @Sijju_Twitzz]

India BJP
India Debt - 210L Crore (Approx)
India's Economy GDP - 260L Crore (Approx)
India Debt to GDP ratio 80%+🤧

Tamilnadu DMK
TN Debt - 10L crore +
TN GSDP - 37L Crore+
TN Debt to GSDP ratio 27% (within safe limit)😎

PS : India's total GDP la 15% contribution from TN 😎🔥

Nee than thairiyamana aalache highest debt incurred under the BJP Govt in the last 80 years nu poden

[Unearthed 🏺 @UnearthedHQ]

🪜 The First Time Humanity Challenged Time

Rising from the desert sands of Saqqara, just south of Cairo, stands a structure that changed human history forever — the Step Pyramid of Djoser. Built over 4,600 years ago during the Third Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, this was the world’s first large monument made entirely of stone. Before this, humans built with mudbrick. This pyramid was the moment we said: we can build forever.

What makes it even more powerful is how it began. It was supposed to be a simple flat tomb, called a mastaba. But layer by layer, idea by idea, it grew upward into a six-step pyramid — something no one had ever seen before. This bold vision came from Imhotep, a man so brilliant he was later worshipped as a god. Around the pyramid, he created an entire sacred complex with courtyards, temples, and ritual spaces — not just a tomb, but a stone kingdom for the afterlife.

Standing before this pyramid today doesn’t feel like looking at ruins. It feels like witnessing a beginning. The steps are rough, the shape imperfect — yet that is what makes it powerful. This is humanity’s first attempt to turn belief into stone, to lift a king toward the sky, and to defy time itself. The Step Pyramid is not just an ancient monument… it is the moment ambition learned how to stand.

[Science Magazine @ScienceMagazine]

A massive effort to sequence the DNA of Vikings across Europe was published in 2020. The study revealed family histories of Vikings who set forth—and died—far from home.

Learn more: https://t.co/mwK8HHOZLS #ScienceMagArchives

[Global Pulse @Globalstats_77]

🧠 Greatest Minds in Human History

🇩🇪 Albert Einstein — Theory of Relativity, E = mc²
🇬🇧 Isaac Newton — Laws of Motion, Calculus
🇮🇹 Galileo Galilei — Modern Astronomy
🇬🇷 Archimedes — Buoyancy, Classical Mechanics
🇵🇱🇫🇷 Marie Curie — Radioactivity
🇬🇧 Charles Darwin — Theory of Evolution
🇩🇪 Johannes Gutenberg — Printing Press
🇬🇧 Michael Faraday — Electromagnetism
🇩🇪 Werner Heisenberg — Uncertainty Principle
🇷🇺 Dmitri Mendeleev — Periodic Table
🇳🇱 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek — Microbiology
🇫🇷 Louis Pasteur — Vaccines, Germ Theory
🇩🇪 Max Planck — Quantum Theory
🇩🇪 Wilhelm Röntgen — Discovery of X-Rays
🇬🇧 Rosalind Franklin — DNA Imaging (X-ray Diffraction)
🇬🇧 Francis Crick — DNA Structure (Co-discoverer)
🇦🇹 Gregor Mendel — Genetics, Laws of Inheritance
🇸🇪 Carl Linnaeus — Biological Classification, Taxonomy
🇩🇪 Otto Hahn — Nuclear Fission
🇩🇰 Niels Bohr — Atomic Model
🇫🇷 René Descartes — Analytical Geometry
🇩🇪 Carl Friedrich Gauss — Number Theory
🇬🇧 Alan Turing — Computer Science, Turing Machine
🇷🇸 Nikola Tesla — Alternating Current (AC)
🇨🇭 Leonhard Euler — Modern Mathematics, Euler’s Identity
🇮🇳 C. V. Raman — Raman Effect
🇫🇷 André-Marie Ampère — Electrodynamics
🇬🇧 James Watt — Steam Engine Improvements
🇮🇹 Alessandro Volta — Electric Battery
🇫🇷 Blaise Pascal — Probability Theory
🇪🇸 Santiago Ramón y Cajal — Modern Neuroscience (Neuron Doctrine)
🇺🇸 Richard Feynman — Quantum Electrodynamics
🇬🇧 Stephen Hawking — Black Hole Physics
🇨🇦 Frederick Banting — Discovery of Insulin
🇨🇳 Zhang Heng — Seismograph
🇮🇳 Srinivasa Ramanujan — Mathematical Theorems
🇮🇶 Ibn al-Haytham — Optics, Scientific Method
🇯🇵 Akira Yoshino — Lithium-Ion Battery
🇺🇸 Claude Shannon — Information Theory
🇧🇪 Georges Lemaître — Big Bang Theory
🇨🇳 Tu Youyou — Malaria Treatment (Artemisinin)
🇩🇪 Robert Koch — Germ Theory, Koch’s Postulates
🇩🇪 Rudolf Diesel — Diesel Engine
🇬🇧 Joseph Lister — Antiseptic Surgery
🇮🇹🇺🇸 Enrico Fermi — Nuclear Reactor Theory
🇮🇷 Avicenna (Ibn Sina) — Canon of Medicine
🇺🇸 Edwin Hubble — Expanding Universe
🇿🇦 Christiaan Barnard — First Heart Transplant
🇯🇵 Hideki Yukawa — Nuclear Force Theory (Pion Prediction)
🇨🇳 Shen Kuo — Geology, Astronomy, Scientific Observation

[Black cat @Cat__offi]

Solar system la irunthu current ready 😃

[Black Hole @konstructivizm]

A single teaspoon of matter could rest lightly in the palm of your hand—or crush you under a weight heavier than Mount Everest. This mind-bending transformation, depending on where in the cosmos that teaspoon comes from, stands as one of the most jaw-dropping extremes in all of science. It’s not just surprising; it feels almost like magic, because the exact same volume of stuff behaves in ways that defy everything we experience here on Earth.Back home, matter is reassuringly familiar. A teaspoon of water weighs a gentle 5 grams. Iron tips the scales at around 39 grams. Ordinary rock sits in the middle at about 27 grams. These are the everyday densities we measure in labs and geology classes—the comfortable baseline of our universe.But venture out into the stellar graveyard, and the rules shatter.White dwarfs—the shrunken corpses of Sun-like stars—squeeze roughly 1.4 solar masses into a sphere the size of Earth. Their material is so compressed that a single teaspoon would weigh 5 to 15 tonnes, as heavy as a fully loaded truck. This isn’t science fiction; it’s confirmed by decades of astrophysical models from NASA and European space observatories tracking stellar evolution.Then comes the true monster: the neutron star.Born in the cataclysm of a supernova, these beasts cram more mass than our entire Sun into a sphere just 20 kilometers across—about the width of a city. Here, atoms don’t just get squished; they are obliterated. Electrons slam into protons to form neutrons, and the resulting material reaches insane densities. One teaspoon of neutron-star stuff would weigh around 10 billion tonnes—roughly the mass of Mount Everest.The deeper you go into stronger gravity, the more alien matter becomes. Normal atoms dissolve. Familiar chemistry vanishes. Density stops being a simple number and turns into something almost unrecognizable, a dramatic reminder that the universe plays by rules far wilder than our earthly intuition can handle.

[Dr. T R B Rajaa @TRBRajaa]

Tamil Nadu’s emerging Shipbuilding sector will be built over the Foundation which was Laid by the Dravidian Model Govt under the then CM Honourable @mkstalin avargal.

Investment promotion demands farsighted policy design, precisely timed interventions and an intimate understanding of where the global economy is heading. The previous administration in #TamilNadu, under the then Chief Minister Thiru.M.K. Stalin, built a team that understood these dynamics and consistently identified the right moment to act.

The strategic logic behind focusing on Thoothukudi was clear from the very beginning. It’s a major port with fantastic infrastructure, year-round navigability and proximity to emerging green energy and manufacturing corridors. This offered a rare convergence of crucial assets needed for new investments in manufacturing.

Unlocking that potential required an anchor investor whose presence would signal to the global industry that Tamil Nadu was a healthy vibrant global investment destination. This happened via #GIM2024 with the confirmation of Vinfast and other major investments.
1/n

[The Odyssey Movie @odysseymovie]

Immerse yourself in the world of The Odyssey, in studio with composer Ludwig Göransson. Experience it in theaters 07.17.26.

[Homer Pavlos @HomerPavlos]

This inscription is a dedication by the Great Alexander himself to the goddess Athena. It was discovered in the Temple of Athena Polias in Priene. Priene is a Greek city, one of the hundreds in Asia Minor, that still shout "GREECE" and long to return to where they belong.

The inscription, written in Greek, reads:

"ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ ΑΝΕΘΗΚΕ ΤΟΝ ΝΑΟΝ ΑΘΗΝΑΙΗΙ ΠΟΛΙΑΔΙ"

2,300 years later, we Greeks can read this inscription without any difficulty, because every single word is still used in exactly the same form today.

"King Alexander dedicated the temple to Athena Polias."

The inscription is currently in the British Museum, although it should be in Athens. It is a Greek find, and the dedication itself was made by Alexander the Great to the goddess Athena. It belongs in Greece.

Just like Ionia belongs to Greece.

[Linus ✦ Ekenstam @LinusEkenstam]

No AI. Just human ingenuity for the divine

With the blessing of Pope Leo XIV, this was the breathtaking inauguration of the Jesus Christ Tower at Sagrada Família.

A magnificent tribute to Antoni Gaudí on the 100th anniversary of his death

[We Dravidians @WeDravidians]

Yes!

We need unity under one ideology — an ideology that is people welfare-centric, industry-friendly, committed to social justice, dedicated to annihilating caste, and firmly secular.

You know it.

One ideology. One vision. One united force.

We have been advocating such unity for a decade now.

Again here we invite all brotherhood to take our common ideology which upholds..

People's Welfare. Industrial Growth. Social Justice. Casteless Society. Secularism.

That is the path forward. That is the battle ahead.

[cinesthetic. @TheCinesthetic]

Sir Ian McKellen’s turn as Gandalf remains one of the most flawless performances ever captured on film. Every gesture and expression carries such precision and quiet power it’s as if Tolkien wrote him into existence.

[Archaeo - Histories @archeohistories]

Skara Brae - The Scottish Pompeii ...

Skara Brae, one of the most perfectly preserved Stone Age (Neolithic) villages in Europe, which was covered for hundreds of years by a sand dune on the shore of the Bay of Skaill, Mainland,  Orkney Islands, Scotland.

This prehistoric village was discovered during a great storm in 1850, four buildings were excavated during 1860s by William Watt. After another storm in 1926, further excavations were  undertaken by the Ancient Monuments branch of the British Ministry of Works. During 1970s  radiocarbon dating established that the settlement was inhabited from about 3200-2200 BC. No one knows why village life seems to have ended around 2200 BC. Some argue that a huge sandstorm covered the houses. Others believe it was a more gradual process. As village life was ending, new monuments were starting to appear on mainland Orkney. The most important of these are  Maeshowe Chambered Cairn, and impressive Ring of Brodgar Stone Circle and Henge and Stones of Stenness Circle and Henge. Due to all these rich archaeological heritage left in this prehistoric site, in 1999, site become as part of the Heart of Neolithic Orkney, Skara Brae was inscribed as a UNESCO  World Heritage site, along with Maes Howe, a large chambered tomb, as well as two ceremonial stone circles, Stones of Stenness and Ring of Brodgar.

Though the dwellings at Skara Brae are built of undressed slabs of stone from the beach, put together without any mortar, the drift sand that filled them immediately after their evacuation preserved the walls in places to a height of eight feet. Because there were no trees on the island, furniture had to be made of stone and thus also survived. The village consisted of several one-room dwellings, each a rectangle with rounded corners, entered through a low, narrow doorway that could be closed by a stone slab.

When the village was abruptly deserted it consisted of seven or eight huts linked together by paved alleys. Six huts had been put artificially underground by banking around them midden consisting of sand and peat ash stiffened with refuse, and the alleys had become tunnels roofed with stone slabs. The whole residential complex was drained by a sewer into which the drains from individual huts discharged.

The inhabitants of the village lived mainly on flesh and presumably the milk of their herds of tame cattle and sheep and on limpets and other shellfish. They probably dressed in skins. For their equipment the villagers relied exclusively on local materials; stone, beach pebbles, and animal bones. Vessels were made of pottery; though the technique was poor, most vessels had elaborate decoration. As ornaments villagers wore pendants and coloured beads made of the marrow bones of sheep, the roots of cows’ teeth, the teeth of killer whales, and boars’ tusks. Games were played with dice of walrus  ivory and with knucklebones.

A number of stones in the walls of the huts and alleys bear roughly scratched lozenge and similar rectilinear patterns. Beneath the walls the foundations of older huts were discovered. In plan and furniture these agreed precisely with the material found covering them. The pottery of the lower levels was adorned with incised as well as relief designs. Among these was the true spiral represented on one potsherd, the only example of this pattern in pottery known in prehistoric Britain.

#archaeohistories

[ArchaeoHistories @histories_arch]

Scientists found a new human species by crawling into a crack barely 7 inches wide.

Deep beneath South Africa's Rising Star cave system, one of the most extraordinary fossil discoveries in history unfolded in a place most humans could never reach.

In September 2013, cavers Rick Hunter and Steven Tucker were exploring the Rising Star Cave system in the Cradle of Humankind, South Africa, when they found hominin fossils at the bottom of the Dinaledi Chamber. The problem? Excavators had to squeeze through a space called Superman's Crawl, just 25cm high in places, and a vertical chute with gaps less than 20cm wide.

No scientist Lee Berger knew had the physique to squeeze through that chute, so he put the word out on Facebook: skinny individuals wanted, with scientific credentials and caving experience, willing to work in cramped quarters. Within a week and a half he had heard from nearly 60 applicants.

He enlisted six paleoanthropologists, all women, who could pass through an opening only 18cm wide. Those chosen were Hannah Morris, Marina Elliott, Becca Peixotto, Alia Gurtov, Lindsay Eaves, and Elen Feuerriegel. They have since been nicknamed the "Underground Astronauts."

Working in the Dinaledi Chamber was like a space mission: a journey through darkness, working remotely with only video and voice connection to a command center on the surface.

The scientists recovered more than 1,550 bones and bone fragments, representing at least 15 different individuals including infants, children, adults and elderly. It is the single largest fossil hominin find ever made in Africa.

Researchers suggest that Homo naledi themselves entered the cave and used the chambers to deposit their dead, meaning these small-brained hominins were exhibiting repeated and deliberate behavior.

© Dailystories

#archaeohistories

[World Insights @World_Insights1]

Ranking of the most influential ancient greeks:

1. 🇬🇷 Alexander the Great
2. 🇬🇷 Socrates
3. 🇬🇷 Homer
4. 🇬🇷 Aristotle
5. 🇬🇷 Plato
6. 🇬🇷 Pericles
7. 🇬🇷 Pythagoras
8. 🇬🇷 Archimedes
9. 🇬🇷 Leonidas I
10. 🇬🇷 Herodotus
11. 🇬🇷 Democritus
12. 🇬🇷 Solon
13. 🇬🇷 Phidias
14. 🇬🇷 Thales of Miletus
15. 🇬🇷 Hippocrates of Cos

[Chennai Super Kings @ChennaiIPL]

And that's how we wrap the Summer of '26! ⏪🦁

Relive every chapter of the Yellove journey

#WhistlePodu #Yellove

[Mamata Banerjee @MamataOfficial]

Tribute to ‘Kalaignar’ M Karunanidhi Ji, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, on his birth anniversary. He was a poet, author, statesman, and great leader, loved by all. After he passed in 2018, we had sent our senior MP to his memorial meeting in Tamil Nadu @mkstalin @arivalayam