BREAKING🚨: After travelling for almost 5 decades, and more than 15 billions miles, Voyager 1 is about to make history.
It will soon reach one full light-day away from Earth!
On this day—January 5—exactly 21 years ago, in 2006, astronomers Mike Brown, Chad Trujillo, and David Rabinowitz announced the discovery of a distant, icy world that would forever change our understanding of the solar system: Eris.Originally designated 2003 UB₃₁₃ and nicknamed "Xena" by its discoverers (with its moon later informally called "Gabrielle"), Eris was found using images taken in October 2003 at Palomar Observatory. Early estimates suggested it was slightly larger than Pluto, with a diameter around 2,400–2,600 km and significantly more massive (about 27% more mass than Pluto). Later refined measurements place its diameter at approximately 2,326 km—very close to Pluto's 2,377 km—making it the second-largest known dwarf planet after Pluto.Orbiting in the scattered disc, a sparse, dynamically unstable region beyond the classical Kuiper Belt, Eris follows a highly eccentric path (e = 0.44) that takes it from about 38 AU at perihelion to nearly 98 AU at aphelion, completing one orbit every 557 Earth years. Its surface is brilliantly reflective (albedo ~0.96), covered in methane and nitrogen frost, giving it a strikingly white appearance. Its small moon, Dysnomia (discovered shortly after Eris itself), likely formed from a giant impact, much like Earth's Moon.The discovery of Eris—along with other large trans-Neptunian objects like Haumea and Makemake—exposed a fundamental issue: the solar system contained many Pluto-sized (or nearly so) bodies. If Pluto remained the ninth planet, consistency demanded that Eris and others join the list, potentially expanding the planet count indefinitely.This crisis prompted the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to convene in Prague in August 2006 and establish the first formal definition of a "planet":It orbits the Sun.
It has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape).
It has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.
Pluto and Eris satisfy the first two criteria but not the third—both share their orbital zones with numerous other bodies in the Kuiper Belt and scattered disc. Consequently, on August 24, 2006, the IAU reclassified them as dwarf planets, a new category that also includes Ceres, Haumea, and Makemake (with more candidates awaiting confirmation).Eris didn't just demote Pluto—it forced astronomy to mature its classification system, acknowledging the rich diversity of small worlds beyond Neptune. Mike Brown famously titled his memoir "How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming."Two decades later, Eris remains a symbol of how discovery can upend long-held assumptions, reminding us that science thrives on revision. A fitting legacy for a world named after the Greek goddess of discord.
It's hard to believe, but the very first photograph of the Andromeda Galaxy was taken on December 29, 1888, by astronomer Isaac Roberts.
Now compare: an image of the same galaxy from a similar angle, taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2013.
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He is Sam Pepper, a well-known influencer in the UK.
He came to India on Diwali and fired a rocket toward a group of kids, hitting a little girl. Because it was livestreamed, he couldn’t delete the footage, and his followers openly criticised him for the reckless act and expressed concern for the child.
He later claimed that the girl had only a minor cut, that he paid for the hospital expenses, apologised, and that the matter was settled. He immediately left India after that. However, the truth is coming out now.
The girl did not suffer a minor cut but permanent damage to her left eye, full-thickness corneal injury with uveal tissue prolapse. She lost her eye because a gora streamer wanted to have “reckless fun.” The Indians who feel “ashamed as an Indian” the moment some gora experiences the slightest discomfort here should now see how many gora feel “ashamed as a British” for this.
Requesting @MEAIndia to take up this issue officially with the UK govt. This incident must have serious legal and financial repercussions for that influencer.
https://t.co/zJ7NNchYj2 , I'm not a journalist but I did what i could. It wasn't easy but it was worth it. I just hope the girl and the family gets all the help they need. #sampepper#rajontour
@AntiWokeMemes I’m guessing the same if they were ripping up any other flag. If they’re destroying property, whatever penalty someone gets for destroying property. If it was scheduled to be removed and they’re ripping it to “own the libs” … idk whatever public shaming they reap what they sow
@AVGirl4Life If the kid is crying, he’s breathing. Not flailing around or panicking. 10/10 parenting. That kid will know how to survive if he falls in the water unsupervised. Good job!