Bushra's MedNotes

Simplifying complex diseases into one evidence-based page 🩺 | Founder @b23iu

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"عالم علم الطب، يجب أن يكون رحيمًا عفيفًا محبًا أن ينفع الناس"

أبقراط

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✅ Answer: C) Significant ketosis and metabolic acidosis

Why?
DKA is characterized by ketosis and metabolic acidosis, while HHS typically has minimal ketosis despite more severe hyperglycemia.

💡 Pearl: DKA = Ketones. HHS = Higher glucose.

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🩺 Bushra’s MedQuiz #18

Q: Which finding best distinguishes DKA from HHS?

A) Hyperglycemia
B) Dehydration
C) Significant ketosis and metabolic acidosis
D) Polyuria

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✅ Answer: C) Insulin

Why?
Type 1 Diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency.

💡 Pearl: Type 1 DM = Absolute insulin deficiency; Type 2 DM = Insulin resistance with relative deficiency.

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🩺 Bushra’s MedQuiz #17

Q: Which hormone is completely absent or severely deficient in Type 1 Diabetes?

A) Glucagon
B) Cortisol
C) Insulin
D) Growth hormone

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✅ Answer: C) Diabetic nephropathy

Why?
Microvascular complications include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy.

💡 Pearl: Diabetes causes both microvascular and macrovascular disease.

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🩺 Bushra’s MedQuiz #16

Q: Which diabetic complication is classified as a microvascular complication?

A) Stroke
B) Coronary artery disease
C) Diabetic nephropathy
D) Peripheral arterial disease