![theOlaBola's tweet photo. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗥𝗢𝗦𝗦➕ 𝐢𝐧 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝐥-𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗱 𝗜𝗳𝗲̣̀, 𝗬𝗼𝗿𝘂𝗯𝗮𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗱
𝗔 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗧-𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗗‼️
In ca.1552, João de Barros issued his compilation of the notes & accounts of the earlier Portuguese explorers & traders who had traveled to the coast of the ‘Nigeria’ region, like: João Afonso d’Aveiros (in the 1480s) & Duarte Pacheco Pereira (1490s); including accounts gotten from local trade-allies.
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.
.
One of the relevant pieces of information in there interestingly says “𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗽𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘀𝗲 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘀” of the world, the Ọ̀ɣọ̀ni or Ọ̀ọ̀ni [spelt in the Portuguese texts as “Hooguane”, “Ogané”] may decide to approve a newly coronated Ọba of Benin, by dispatching some emblems of approval to Benin kingdom, & without which the Bini locals will not recognize such unapproved Ọba of theirs “𝗮𝘀 𝗹𝗮𝘄𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗿𝘂𝗹𝗲𝗿, 𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗵𝗶𝗺𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗳 𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗹𝘆 𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴.”
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.
.
One of these emblems of approval dispatched to Benin kingdom (by the Ọ̀ọ̀ni) from Ifẹ̀, 𝗶𝗯𝗶 𝘁𝗶́ 𝗼𝗷𝘂́𝗺𝗼̣́ 𝘁𝗶 𝗻́ 𝗺𝗼̣́ 𝘄𝗮́ (𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝗮𝘄𝗻, aka. “𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗲” in one singular Portuguese word) is a little piece of shiny bronze “𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘀”, the type crux-quadrata✙ [and not the type crux-immissa✟]. This native iconography which clearly predates the arrival of the Christian Portuguese, has been confirmed in both Ẹdo and IFẹ̀, in 𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗲𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 and native sacred contexts.
.
.
.
Two examples, of crux-quadrata icons excavated from different Classica Ifẹ̀ sites are shown below:
.
.
.
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟭: Ifẹ̀ terracotta showing an 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻 (a crux-quadrata, aka. an equilateral cross), c.1200
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟮: Ifẹ̀ terracotta [excavated from Òkè Ẹ̀ṣọ́] showing an 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻 (a crux-quadrata) of the Maltese type. It is depicted on a bracelet, and set between two flowery-like motifs. This arm shows beads, bracelets & two hand chain jewelry pieces
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟯: This shows a modern surviving trace of the use of the 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻 icon. The priests mark two of it on their chest, & one at the back of each hand, etc. Photo from Ìtàpá festival in Ifẹ̀, c.1960
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟰: Two sample images of 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻. The left shows a Greek type, & the right, Maltese type
—————
The best-known modern surviving trace of a crux quadrata (𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻), in Yoruba culture is in Ifá divination—the Babaláwo pointing forward says, “𝗶𝘄𝗮́𝗷𝘂́ 𝗼̣𝗽𝗼̣́𝗻”, then backward saying, “𝗲̣̀𝘆𝗶̀𝗻 𝗼̣𝗽𝗼̣́𝗻”, then to the right saying, “𝗼𝗹𝘂̀𝗺𝘂́ 𝗼̣̀𝘁𝘂́𝗻”, then to the left saying, “𝗼̣𝗹𝗼̣̀𝗸𝗮̀𝗻𝗿𝗮̀𝗻 𝗼̀𝘀𝗶̀”, and then finally to the center of the plane saying, “𝗮̀𝗮́𝗿𝗶́𝗻 𝗼̣𝗽𝗼̣̀𝗻, 𝗶̀𝘁𝗮 𝗼̣̀𝗿𝘂𝗻”.
.
.
.
It is thus clear that the cross iconography though used in different ancient traditions carry different symbolisms. For the Roman Empire, it symbolizes 𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 & 𝗰𝗮𝗽𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝘂𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁. For the Jews, it symbolizes 𝗗𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲. In Christianity, it symbolizes 𝗗𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻. And for the Classical Period Yorubas, it symbolizes “𝗢𝗺𝗻𝗶-𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲”.
Cheers!🥂](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/HM86TK3X0AA1qIY.jpg)
![theOlaBola's tweet photo. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗥𝗢𝗦𝗦➕ 𝐢𝐧 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝐥-𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗱 𝗜𝗳𝗲̣̀, 𝗬𝗼𝗿𝘂𝗯𝗮𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗱
𝗔 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗧-𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗗‼️
In ca.1552, João de Barros issued his compilation of the notes & accounts of the earlier Portuguese explorers & traders who had traveled to the coast of the ‘Nigeria’ region, like: João Afonso d’Aveiros (in the 1480s) & Duarte Pacheco Pereira (1490s); including accounts gotten from local trade-allies.
.
.
.
One of the relevant pieces of information in there interestingly says “𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗽𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘀𝗲 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘀” of the world, the Ọ̀ɣọ̀ni or Ọ̀ọ̀ni [spelt in the Portuguese texts as “Hooguane”, “Ogané”] may decide to approve a newly coronated Ọba of Benin, by dispatching some emblems of approval to Benin kingdom, & without which the Bini locals will not recognize such unapproved Ọba of theirs “𝗮𝘀 𝗹𝗮𝘄𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗿𝘂𝗹𝗲𝗿, 𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗵𝗶𝗺𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗳 𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗹𝘆 𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴.”
.
.
.
One of these emblems of approval dispatched to Benin kingdom (by the Ọ̀ọ̀ni) from Ifẹ̀, 𝗶𝗯𝗶 𝘁𝗶́ 𝗼𝗷𝘂́𝗺𝗼̣́ 𝘁𝗶 𝗻́ 𝗺𝗼̣́ 𝘄𝗮́ (𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝗮𝘄𝗻, aka. “𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗲” in one singular Portuguese word) is a little piece of shiny bronze “𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘀”, the type crux-quadrata✙ [and not the type crux-immissa✟]. This native iconography which clearly predates the arrival of the Christian Portuguese, has been confirmed in both Ẹdo and IFẹ̀, in 𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗲𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 and native sacred contexts.
.
.
.
Two examples, of crux-quadrata icons excavated from different Classica Ifẹ̀ sites are shown below:
.
.
.
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟭: Ifẹ̀ terracotta showing an 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻 (a crux-quadrata, aka. an equilateral cross), c.1200
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟮: Ifẹ̀ terracotta [excavated from Òkè Ẹ̀ṣọ́] showing an 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻 (a crux-quadrata) of the Maltese type. It is depicted on a bracelet, and set between two flowery-like motifs. This arm shows beads, bracelets & two hand chain jewelry pieces
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟯: This shows a modern surviving trace of the use of the 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻 icon. The priests mark two of it on their chest, & one at the back of each hand, etc. Photo from Ìtàpá festival in Ifẹ̀, c.1960
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟰: Two sample images of 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻. The left shows a Greek type, & the right, Maltese type
—————
The best-known modern surviving trace of a crux quadrata (𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻), in Yoruba culture is in Ifá divination—the Babaláwo pointing forward says, “𝗶𝘄𝗮́𝗷𝘂́ 𝗼̣𝗽𝗼̣́𝗻”, then backward saying, “𝗲̣̀𝘆𝗶̀𝗻 𝗼̣𝗽𝗼̣́𝗻”, then to the right saying, “𝗼𝗹𝘂̀𝗺𝘂́ 𝗼̣̀𝘁𝘂́𝗻”, then to the left saying, “𝗼̣𝗹𝗼̣̀𝗸𝗮̀𝗻𝗿𝗮̀𝗻 𝗼̀𝘀𝗶̀”, and then finally to the center of the plane saying, “𝗮̀𝗮́𝗿𝗶́𝗻 𝗼̣𝗽𝗼̣̀𝗻, 𝗶̀𝘁𝗮 𝗼̣̀𝗿𝘂𝗻”.
.
.
.
It is thus clear that the cross iconography though used in different ancient traditions carry different symbolisms. For the Roman Empire, it symbolizes 𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 & 𝗰𝗮𝗽𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝘂𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁. For the Jews, it symbolizes 𝗗𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲. In Christianity, it symbolizes 𝗗𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻. And for the Classical Period Yorubas, it symbolizes “𝗢𝗺𝗻𝗶-𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲”.
Cheers!🥂](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/HM86TKyWwAAqY5g.jpg)
![theOlaBola's tweet photo. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗥𝗢𝗦𝗦➕ 𝐢𝐧 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝐥-𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗱 𝗜𝗳𝗲̣̀, 𝗬𝗼𝗿𝘂𝗯𝗮𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗱
𝗔 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗧-𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗗‼️
In ca.1552, João de Barros issued his compilation of the notes & accounts of the earlier Portuguese explorers & traders who had traveled to the coast of the ‘Nigeria’ region, like: João Afonso d’Aveiros (in the 1480s) & Duarte Pacheco Pereira (1490s); including accounts gotten from local trade-allies.
.
.
.
One of the relevant pieces of information in there interestingly says “𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗽𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘀𝗲 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘀” of the world, the Ọ̀ɣọ̀ni or Ọ̀ọ̀ni [spelt in the Portuguese texts as “Hooguane”, “Ogané”] may decide to approve a newly coronated Ọba of Benin, by dispatching some emblems of approval to Benin kingdom, & without which the Bini locals will not recognize such unapproved Ọba of theirs “𝗮𝘀 𝗹𝗮𝘄𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗿𝘂𝗹𝗲𝗿, 𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗵𝗶𝗺𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗳 𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗹𝘆 𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴.”
.
.
.
One of these emblems of approval dispatched to Benin kingdom (by the Ọ̀ọ̀ni) from Ifẹ̀, 𝗶𝗯𝗶 𝘁𝗶́ 𝗼𝗷𝘂́𝗺𝗼̣́ 𝘁𝗶 𝗻́ 𝗺𝗼̣́ 𝘄𝗮́ (𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝗮𝘄𝗻, aka. “𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗲” in one singular Portuguese word) is a little piece of shiny bronze “𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘀”, the type crux-quadrata✙ [and not the type crux-immissa✟]. This native iconography which clearly predates the arrival of the Christian Portuguese, has been confirmed in both Ẹdo and IFẹ̀, in 𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗲𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 and native sacred contexts.
.
.
.
Two examples, of crux-quadrata icons excavated from different Classica Ifẹ̀ sites are shown below:
.
.
.
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟭: Ifẹ̀ terracotta showing an 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻 (a crux-quadrata, aka. an equilateral cross), c.1200
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟮: Ifẹ̀ terracotta [excavated from Òkè Ẹ̀ṣọ́] showing an 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻 (a crux-quadrata) of the Maltese type. It is depicted on a bracelet, and set between two flowery-like motifs. This arm shows beads, bracelets & two hand chain jewelry pieces
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟯: This shows a modern surviving trace of the use of the 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻 icon. The priests mark two of it on their chest, & one at the back of each hand, etc. Photo from Ìtàpá festival in Ifẹ̀, c.1960
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟰: Two sample images of 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻. The left shows a Greek type, & the right, Maltese type
—————
The best-known modern surviving trace of a crux quadrata (𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻), in Yoruba culture is in Ifá divination—the Babaláwo pointing forward says, “𝗶𝘄𝗮́𝗷𝘂́ 𝗼̣𝗽𝗼̣́𝗻”, then backward saying, “𝗲̣̀𝘆𝗶̀𝗻 𝗼̣𝗽𝗼̣́𝗻”, then to the right saying, “𝗼𝗹𝘂̀𝗺𝘂́ 𝗼̣̀𝘁𝘂́𝗻”, then to the left saying, “𝗼̣𝗹𝗼̣̀𝗸𝗮̀𝗻𝗿𝗮̀𝗻 𝗼̀𝘀𝗶̀”, and then finally to the center of the plane saying, “𝗮̀𝗮́𝗿𝗶́𝗻 𝗼̣𝗽𝗼̣̀𝗻, 𝗶̀𝘁𝗮 𝗼̣̀𝗿𝘂𝗻”.
.
.
.
It is thus clear that the cross iconography though used in different ancient traditions carry different symbolisms. For the Roman Empire, it symbolizes 𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 & 𝗰𝗮𝗽𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝘂𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁. For the Jews, it symbolizes 𝗗𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲. In Christianity, it symbolizes 𝗗𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻. And for the Classical Period Yorubas, it symbolizes “𝗢𝗺𝗻𝗶-𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲”.
Cheers!🥂](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/HM86TKxWEAIn0wv.jpg)
Olivia
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@browntastic
Time...is the only currency you spend without ever knowing your balance. Use it wisely.
Global Village
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𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗥𝗢𝗦𝗦➕ 𝐢𝐧 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝐥-𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗱 𝗜𝗳𝗲̣̀, 𝗬𝗼𝗿𝘂𝗯𝗮𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗱
𝗔 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗧-𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗗‼️
In ca.1552, João de Barros issued his compilation of the notes & accounts of the earlier Portuguese explorers & traders who had traveled to the coast of the ‘Nigeria’ region, like: João Afonso d’Aveiros (in the 1480s) & Duarte Pacheco Pereira (1490s); including accounts gotten from local trade-allies.
.
.
.
One of the relevant pieces of information in there interestingly says “𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗽𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘀𝗲 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘀” of the world, the Ọ̀ɣọ̀ni or Ọ̀ọ̀ni [spelt in the Portuguese texts as “Hooguane”, “Ogané”] may decide to approve a newly coronated Ọba of Benin, by dispatching some emblems of approval to Benin kingdom, & without which the Bini locals will not recognize such unapproved Ọba of theirs “𝗮𝘀 𝗹𝗮𝘄𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗿𝘂𝗹𝗲𝗿, 𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗵𝗶𝗺𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗳 𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗹𝘆 𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴.”
.
.
.
One of these emblems of approval dispatched to Benin kingdom (by the Ọ̀ọ̀ni) from Ifẹ̀, 𝗶𝗯𝗶 𝘁𝗶́ 𝗼𝗷𝘂́𝗺𝗼̣́ 𝘁𝗶 𝗻́ 𝗺𝗼̣́ 𝘄𝗮́ (𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝗮𝘄𝗻, aka. “𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗲” in one singular Portuguese word) is a little piece of shiny bronze “𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘀”, the type crux-quadrata✙ [and not the type crux-immissa✟]. This native iconography which clearly predates the arrival of the Christian Portuguese, has been confirmed in both Ẹdo and IFẹ̀, in 𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗲𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 and native sacred contexts.
.
.
.
Two examples, of crux-quadrata icons excavated from different Classica Ifẹ̀ sites are shown below:
.
.
.
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟭: Ifẹ̀ terracotta showing an 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻 (a crux-quadrata, aka. an equilateral cross), c.1200
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟮: Ifẹ̀ terracotta [excavated from Òkè Ẹ̀ṣọ́] showing an 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻 (a crux-quadrata) of the Maltese type. It is depicted on a bracelet, and set between two flowery-like motifs. This arm shows beads, bracelets & two hand chain jewelry pieces
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟯: This shows a modern surviving trace of the use of the 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻 icon. The priests mark two of it on their chest, & one at the back of each hand, etc. Photo from Ìtàpá festival in Ifẹ̀, c.1960
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟰: Two sample images of 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻. The left shows a Greek type, & the right, Maltese type
—————
The best-known modern surviving trace of a crux quadrata (𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻), in Yoruba culture is in Ifá divination—the Babaláwo pointing forward says, “𝗶𝘄𝗮́𝗷𝘂́ 𝗼̣𝗽𝗼̣́𝗻”, then backward saying, “𝗲̣̀𝘆𝗶̀𝗻 𝗼̣𝗽𝗼̣́𝗻”, then to the right saying, “𝗼𝗹𝘂̀𝗺𝘂́ 𝗼̣̀𝘁𝘂́𝗻”, then to the left saying, “𝗼̣𝗹𝗼̣̀𝗸𝗮̀𝗻𝗿𝗮̀𝗻 𝗼̀𝘀𝗶̀”, and then finally to the center of the plane saying, “𝗮̀𝗮́𝗿𝗶́𝗻 𝗼̣𝗽𝗼̣̀𝗻, 𝗶̀𝘁𝗮 𝗼̣̀𝗿𝘂𝗻”.
.
.
.
It is thus clear that the cross iconography though used in different ancient traditions carry different symbolisms. For the Roman Empire, it symbolizes 𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 & 𝗰𝗮𝗽𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝘂𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁. For the Jews, it symbolizes 𝗗𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲. In Christianity, it symbolizes 𝗗𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻. And for the Classical Period Yorubas, it symbolizes “𝗢𝗺𝗻𝗶-𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲”.
Cheers!🥂
![theOlaBola's tweet photo. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗥𝗢𝗦𝗦➕ 𝐢𝐧 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝐥-𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗱 𝗜𝗳𝗲̣̀, 𝗬𝗼𝗿𝘂𝗯𝗮𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗱
𝗔 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗧-𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗗‼️
In ca.1552, João de Barros issued his compilation of the notes & accounts of the earlier Portuguese explorers & traders who had traveled to the coast of the ‘Nigeria’ region, like: João Afonso d’Aveiros (in the 1480s) & Duarte Pacheco Pereira (1490s); including accounts gotten from local trade-allies.
.
.
.
One of the relevant pieces of information in there interestingly says “𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗽𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝘀𝗲 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘀” of the world, the Ọ̀ɣọ̀ni or Ọ̀ọ̀ni [spelt in the Portuguese texts as “Hooguane”, “Ogané”] may decide to approve a newly coronated Ọba of Benin, by dispatching some emblems of approval to Benin kingdom, & without which the Bini locals will not recognize such unapproved Ọba of theirs “𝗮𝘀 𝗹𝗮𝘄𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝗿𝘂𝗹𝗲𝗿, 𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗵𝗶𝗺𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗳 𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗹𝘆 𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴.”
.
.
.
One of these emblems of approval dispatched to Benin kingdom (by the Ọ̀ọ̀ni) from Ifẹ̀, 𝗶𝗯𝗶 𝘁𝗶́ 𝗼𝗷𝘂́𝗺𝗼̣́ 𝘁𝗶 𝗻́ 𝗺𝗼̣́ 𝘄𝗮́ (𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝗮𝘄𝗻, aka. “𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗲” in one singular Portuguese word) is a little piece of shiny bronze “𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘀”, the type crux-quadrata✙ [and not the type crux-immissa✟]. This native iconography which clearly predates the arrival of the Christian Portuguese, has been confirmed in both Ẹdo and IFẹ̀, in 𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗲𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 and native sacred contexts.
.
.
.
Two examples, of crux-quadrata icons excavated from different Classica Ifẹ̀ sites are shown below:
.
.
.
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟭: Ifẹ̀ terracotta showing an 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻 (a crux-quadrata, aka. an equilateral cross), c.1200
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟮: Ifẹ̀ terracotta [excavated from Òkè Ẹ̀ṣọ́] showing an 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻 (a crux-quadrata) of the Maltese type. It is depicted on a bracelet, and set between two flowery-like motifs. This arm shows beads, bracelets & two hand chain jewelry pieces
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟯: This shows a modern surviving trace of the use of the 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻 icon. The priests mark two of it on their chest, & one at the back of each hand, etc. Photo from Ìtàpá festival in Ifẹ̀, c.1960
𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲-𝟰: Two sample images of 𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻. The left shows a Greek type, & the right, Maltese type
—————
The best-known modern surviving trace of a crux quadrata (𝗼𝗿𝗶́𝗴𝘂𝗻𝗺𝗲̣̂𝗿𝗶𝗻), in Yoruba culture is in Ifá divination—the Babaláwo pointing forward says, “𝗶𝘄𝗮́𝗷𝘂́ 𝗼̣𝗽𝗼̣́𝗻”, then backward saying, “𝗲̣̀𝘆𝗶̀𝗻 𝗼̣𝗽𝗼̣́𝗻”, then to the right saying, “𝗼𝗹𝘂̀𝗺𝘂́ 𝗼̣̀𝘁𝘂́𝗻”, then to the left saying, “𝗼̣𝗹𝗼̣̀𝗸𝗮̀𝗻𝗿𝗮̀𝗻 𝗼̀𝘀𝗶̀”, and then finally to the center of the plane saying, “𝗮̀𝗮́𝗿𝗶́𝗻 𝗼̣𝗽𝗼̣̀𝗻, 𝗶̀𝘁𝗮 𝗼̣̀𝗿𝘂𝗻”.
.
.
.
It is thus clear that the cross iconography though used in different ancient traditions carry different symbolisms. For the Roman Empire, it symbolizes 𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 & 𝗰𝗮𝗽𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝘂𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁. For the Jews, it symbolizes 𝗗𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗰𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲. In Christianity, it symbolizes 𝗗𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝘀𝗮𝗹𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻. And for the Classical Period Yorubas, it symbolizes “𝗢𝗺𝗻𝗶-𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲”.
Cheers!🥂](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/HM86TLEW4AApwc2.jpg)
@enitandev People are invited to work, but majority are already looking to become citizens. But bashing your origin does not go down well with your host country. It's like going for a job interview bashing your former employer, thinking that might get you the new job. Statistically wrong.
@enitandev I totally agree and this can be seen across their ranks. Simply put, some of them want to justify their frustrating existence in those countries. In the UK for example, behavioural and immigration violations have push their government to revoke so many people's stay permits.
@DAMIADENUGA People doing what is so abnormal is a clear sign of "mental instability"... With absolutely NO SENSE of personal responsibility.
@DAMIADENUGA Well well, many people shout about "insecurity". But all these sort of insane actions gets people killed daily. "Mental instability" is the core issue with so many people in Nigeria. How on earth can those men even remotely think they can stop a lorry that size without handbrake?
FIFA has deleted this video from my account again. but i will continue to post it no matter what they do. The whole world needs to see this refereeino farce.
@Ziyad_yakubu @harunaphorl "Agbero" is simply a "bus conductor", idiot. Heard so much nonsense spoken as facts.
You guys even call tricycles "kẹ̀kẹ́". Well kẹ̀kẹ́ is a "bicycle".
Something is totally gone wrong with so many minds in the last two decades. People simply misplace words & their meanings.
Egypt's Coach Hossam Hassan CALLS OUT FIFA & INFANTINO:
'I will say what's on my mind... REGARDLESS of CONSEQUENCES:
This was CLEARLY A RIGGED MATCH — THE WHOLE WORLD SAW IT'
Questions WHY everyone was invited to compete if Messi & Argentina were MEANT TO WIN
Nigeria-China Rail Partnership Delivers New Trains for Lagos
Lagos has taken a major step toward modern public transport with the delivery of new trains for the Red Line.
This is what value-aligned partnerships can look like. Through its cooperation with China, Nigeria’s commercial capital and one of West Africa’s biggest economic centers is investing in infrastructure that addresses the real needs of its people, economy, and future.
For African cities, partnerships should not be about development, infrastructure, productivity, and shared growth. This Nigeria-China deal is an important example of that.
PHILLY FLOODS have people riding the bus with their feet in the AIR
Looks like a theme park
🚨 José Mourinho on Argentina vs. Egypt:
“This is daylight robbery. It’s a shame what football is becoming. How do you let the play continue, allow the goal to be scored, and only then decide to go back and cancel it? If there was a foul, stop the game immediately. Don’t wait until after the goal.
Then I ask another question—why wasn’t Argentina’s first goal reviewed with the same attention when it looked very close to offside? Why was every incident involving Argentina checked, while Egypt didn’t seem to get the same treatment?
VAR is supposed to bring fairness, not confusion. Today, it looked like every important decision went in Argentina’s favour. Football deserves better.”
Earlier today my team and I returned to the Ajiran and Agungi axis in Eti-Osa to inspect the ongoing removal of contraventions and drainage restoration works, and I can report that our decisive intervention is already yielding visible results. Within 48 to 72 hours of reopening the Ajiran channel to the Lagoon and the Ikota River, we have seen a remarkable improvement in stormwater discharge, bringing real relief to residents of Agungi, Ajiran Village, and neighbouring communities. We are not done yet. This exercise continues until the entire drainage alignment is fully restored and reconnected to the natural water bodies.
I also met with community leaders and residents to explain both the immediate and long term measures we are deploying. We are collaborating with the Ministry of Works and Infrastructure to deliver a sustainable engineering solution for this flood prone corridor, and I have directed the Emergency Flood Abatement Gang to commence remedial maintenance on channels requiring urgent intervention.
At Orange Island on Freedom Way, I reaffirmed that the government remains resolute against illegal dredging and land reclamation. Reclamation activities there were halted last year because the developers failed to obtain the mandatory Environmental Impact Assessment and drainage clearance. That area is a major discharge outlet for Lekki Phase I into the Lagoon and any obstruction would create significant environmental challenges. We also inspected downstream discharge points serving Itedo, Kushenla and Freedom Way and identified additional corrective measures for immediate implementation.
I commend the Local Government authorities for improving their operational capacity. Flood management is a shared duty. Every new road must have properly designed collector drains connected to primary canals, and communities must take ownership of completed infrastructure. On enforcement, we continue to arrest and prosecute environmental offenders. We will soon deploy between 140 and 150 additional waste compactors to strengthen LAWMA's fleet and support PSP operators. Before the end of this year, our Material Recovery Facilities and Transfer Loading Stations will begin diverting over 4,000 tonnes of waste daily from landfills as we accelerate the transition from a linear waste system to a circular economy. This is the work of building a flood resilient #CleanerLagos and a #GreaterLagos.
Another disturbing incident involving rival Ibo cult groups, this time in Cambodia 🇰🇭.
When will this cycle of violence end?
🎥 Watch the video and share your thought
"They called my dad iKwerekwere because he is Tsonga. They pulled my sister out of the shower while naked"
Prof. Jeffrey Sachs on the farce of Western countries telling Congo to ‘just govern properly’:
‘The Kingdom of Belgium created a slave colony in Congo for 30 years. The government of Belgium ran the slave colony for another 40 years.
The CIA assassinated Congo’s first popular leader Patrice Lumumba, and then installed another dictatorship for the next 30 years.
And then Glencore and others now suck out your cobalt without giving Congo tax income. We don’t reflect on that. We say what’s wrong with you? Why don’t you govern properly?’
“I know they have been talking. I said Akara, it’s not only Akara. We also have tomato sellers, we have Boli, and those selling pepper, selling vegetables in the market, we’ll continue to empower them.”
~ Nigeria First Lady Oluremi Tinubu responds to criticism
Is 50 thousand naira a worthy capital to start a low scale business like Akara, corn etc in Nigeria today?
Here from market women:👇❤️
@SirJarus Please note that there is already a 4TH MAINLAND BRIDGE for sometime, it's called the "EPE BRIDGE", it leads to the EPE town from the peninsula.
Epe, just like Ikorodu, Ikeja, etc. is on the MAINLAND. Epe is part of the contiguous land called MAINLAND. Just a piece of logic.
@SirJarus Lekki 1 to most of Ajah have been OVERBUILT many homes often blocking canals and waterways.
For those who do not know where the lekki peninsula starts and end, their Google map properly... And zoom out. The peninsula starts after Victoria Island and ends next to Epe Bridge.
@SirJarus I believe this Royal Garden Estate at the lower part of Ajah.
By the way, there are dozens of well planned estates on the Ibeju Lekki axis of THE LEKKI PENINSULA that do not flood, such as Lakowe Golf, Beechwood Park, Beechwood, Adiva, Makarios, Amen, Saphire, Crown, etc.
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