Fabricio Fernandes

copper-nickel alloy (support) used in thermocouples (signals) for its constant

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

Every day in crypto feels like a new chapter in a book we're all writing together. The noise fades, but the ideas that reshape finance stay. Sometimes I wonder if we're building the future or just chasing it. Are we early or just impatient? #crypto

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

$7M custody gap on a Tether-backed exchange and it's game over. Reserves attestations vs actual solvency remain two very different things in LATAM crypto. Audits keep exposing the same pattern.

Who's next on the list? #Orionx

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

Anyone else seeing this?

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

Half the "news" in crypto is noise, but zoom out and the builders keep shipping through every cycle. Skeptical of the hype, still stacking anyway. The infrastructure being laid right now is wild. Anyone else feeling this? #crypto

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

Been glued to the charts all day and the moves are wild 🚀 Feels like every hour there's a new headline shaking things up. Hard to keep up but loving the energy in the space right now.

Who else is watching closely? #Crypto

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

double shot hit different this morning. charts loaded, coffee loaded, mind sharp. let's go make some money today ☕

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

Anyone else seeing this?

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

$680M pouring into SEA crypto and it's mostly landing on the mature players in Singapore… is this the "flight to quality" era finally kicking in, or are early-stage builders just getting left behind? #Crypto

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

Curious what you all think.

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

yo openai just dropped $1B into cyber defense cuz their new AI (Astra) can literally sniff out zero-days on its own 😳 wild that we're now using AI to patch holes AI could exploit... feels like a loop lol. we ready for this? #AI

[vitalik.eth @VitalikButerin]

One positive consequence of all the recent detailed thinking about transaction formats - not just 8141, also "future of state" discussions eg. UTXOs, PBT, keyed nonces, and also recursive STARK mempool - is that we have a much more explicit understanding of how transactions have "actions" and "dependencies", and we can engineer around optimizing the two separately.

An action is an effect that a transaction has.

A dependency is a fact about the transaction and/or the state that must be true for the transaction to be valid.

eg. a signature is a dependency, a Merkle proof of a UTXO is a dependency, a ZK-SNARK (or STARK) is a dependency, a call that sends ETH is an action

Dependencies can be processed in parallel. Dependencies that involve state can be reasoned about by a mempool, especially if the specific state accessed is statically declared. Dependencies that are pure (no state calling allowed) can be processed once at the mempool layer and never need to be processed again - and potentially even replaced with a STARK verifying them, allowing not just execution but also data to be elided.

In principle, dependencies and actions can all be expressed as calls (if needed, calls to precompiles). This would make the transaction format itself very bare-bones and minimalist (a list of calls, flags for the type of each call eg. dependencies would be static or pure calls, and origin, nonce, etc) and allows maximum cross-compatibility even if different EVM chains have different features.

In 2015-era Ethereum, thinking explicitly about these differences was not very important: execution was execution, there were few enough transactions that we could process them all serially, and single-key ECDSA accounts were good enough for everyone.

Ethereum's current scaling strategy, however, requires moving beyond that paradigm. Ethereum is beloved by many developers because the execution and state model is so dynamic and flexible. But dynamic and flexible is not friendly to scaling. Fortunately, >90% of Ethereum's activity by volume does not require anything dynamic and flexible. So, we require contracts, accounts and transactions to more explicitly specify what is dynamic and flexible and what is more statically-analyzable but more restrictive, and more statically-analyzable things get the lowest gas cost and thus scale the most. Effectively, learning from the best of both the 2015-era Ethereum model and a more Bitcoin-like model (reminder: Bitcoin has had what I call account abstraction since the beginning), and making a mixture of both (really, the full spectrum between both) available, with gas costs appropriate for the level of scale involved.

New state types, the recursive STARK mempool, keyed nonces, etc all go in this direction.

This all relates to transaction types, because a general-purpose transaction type is a very natural interface layer on top of which all of this can be implemented, and the current thinking around the EIP-8141 transaction type is going in this exact direction that is friendly to these kinds of future generalizations.

So in that sense, 8141 done well is not just a culmination of 10 years of account abstraction work, it's also preparation for the next few years of responsible decentralization-friendly hyper-scaling.

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

Honestly, the daily crypto news cycle feels like whiplash lately. One minute it's ETF inflows, the next it's another exploit or regulatory curveball. Hard to keep conviction when the narrative shifts every 12 hours. Anyone else feeling the fatigue? #crypto

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

yo imagine forgetting about $2k in btc from 2012 and then getting a call like "hey mate, that's actually $4.5M now" 💀 dude probably fainted. CEL Solicitors tracked down an old Intersango wallet with 5,500 BTC in it. anyone else got forgotten wallets lying around? 👀 #Bitcoin

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

Been thinking about this all day tbh.

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

ugh Kraken pushing their IPO all the way to Q2 2027?? that's wild, feels like forever away lol. guess the market vibes are still rough for them. wonder if we'll even care by then 😅 anyone still hyped for this one? #Kraken

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

Another wild day in crypto and I'm still refreshing my feed like it owes me money. Every headline feels like it could flip the market either way. Are we numb to the chaos yet, or just addicted? #Crypto

[Ash Crypto @AshCrypto]

BTC will hit $200k, ETH will pump to $10k

Altcoins will pump 10x-15x in a day

The CLARITY Act will be passed

Countries will push for crypto adoption

Governments will start allocating Bitcoin as a reserve

Banks will adopt blockchain

YOU'RE NOT READY FOR THE NEXT BULL RUN.

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

yo $3.8B into BTC ETFs in just 3 weeks?? institutions are quietly loading up while everyone's distracted lol. feels like something's brewing 👀 #Bitcoin

who else thinks we're about to run?

[Fabricio Fernandes @constantanovgs]

Interesting angle: Washington can lean on the BOJ to shift rates, but no government can dictate Bitcoin's monetary policy. 21M cap, ~450 min blocks, zero politicians in the room. That's the whole pitch. Still underrated? #Bitcoin