LOCAL ANESTHESIA:
Reversible transient loss of sensation in a circumscribed area of a body caused by depression of excitation in peripheral endings or inhibition of the conduction process in peripheral nerves.
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CELLULITIS: It is a spreading subcutaneous inflammation caused by haemolytic streptococcus.
•Streptococci produce hyaluronidase & streptokinase.
•Net result: Inflammatory exudate spreads in subcutaneous & facial planes resulting in gross swelling of affected part.
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CARBUNCLE: It is an infective gangrene of the subcutaneous tissue caused by Staphylococcus aureaus. It commonly occurs in diabetic patients.
•Poor immunity,radiotherapy patients also develop carbuncle.
• Nape of neck-commonest.
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BOIL/FRUNCLE: It is a hair follicle infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus or secondary infection of a sebaceous cyst.
Diabetic patient are more vulnerable for boil.
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WOUND: It is a discontinuity or break in the surface epithelium. A wound is simple when only skin is involved. It is complex when it involves underlying nerves, vessels, tendons etc.
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CLUBBING: It refers to 'bulbous enlargement' of terminal phalanges. It occurs due to arteriovenous shunt resulting in increased vascularity of the local parts.
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NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION: Acquired infection from the hospital wich can be from patient's own organism(self infection) or organisms from external sources.
Eg. In surgical wards, discharging wounds, infected urine, faeces, sputum etc.
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TETANUS: It is a serious muscle spasm disorder with very high mortality rate even with treatment. It is caused by Clostridium Tetani, an anaerobic spore forming bacillus with terminal spore which has a drumstick like appearence.
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GAS GANGRENE: It is a highly fatal spreading infection caused by clostridial organism which results in myonecrosis.
Other names: Clostridial myositis, Infective gangrene of the muscle.
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