It’s very, very hard to overstate how much it seemed the world was coming apart (at least in Europe and to an extent Asia) in 1917-1920. Everything was to play for
Throughout China's thousands of years of history, a "reformer", the most powerful official who pursues a big reform agenda as the main policy, is a specific type.
And it's an extremely rare species. For a state machinery as massive and with as many interlocked interests as that of China's, it takes a special type of guts for someone to come onto the stage and say: "I want to change things." And usually, even successful reformers didn't end up well for themselves, because by definition, a reform will hurt the interests of somebody.
Shang Yang商鞅, the great reformer who set the stage for the Kingdom of Qin to eventually become China's first real dynasty, was sentenced to death by being torn to pieces by five horses.
Wang Anshi王安石, the great reformer of the Song Dynasty, was kicked out in the end and died in political exile.
Zhang Juzheng张居正, the great reformer of the Ming Dynasty, died peacefully. But soon after he passed away, the Emperor ordered his remains to be dug out of the grave, while most of Zhang's family either committed suicide or starved to death.
Zhu Rongji fits every standard of being a great "reformer" in Chinese history. His famous line: "Regardless of whether there is a minefield ahead or a bottomless abyss, I will march forward courageously and unswervingly." And luckily, he may be the only one of the Great Reformers of China who not only succeeded at his task but also had an honorable retirement.
I built a tool for exploring album covers arranged by visual similarity.
Pick one to see it surrounded by other covers that look most like it, based on colour, composition and style.
https://t.co/WYsKpm6w9U
Edmond Naim, governor of Lebanon’s Central Bank, barricaded himself in his office for 8 months during their civil war as he received death threats from both sides for maintaining Central Bank Independence
🇪🇺 This year the European Union will again make more money from fining US tech companies
Than from the total tax income from Europe's own public tech companies!
"claude fable just proved the jacobian conjecture is false"
"incredible this changes everything"
"do you know what the jacobian conjecture is?"
"no, do you?"
"no"
by the mid-2020s, the Americans found that they would have to summon literal demons from the ether through the discovery of the sacred geometries if they wished to continue their grand civilizational project of maintaining 3% real gdp growth over the next decade
A common claim from the YIMBY-skeptic crowd is that housing is unique, and that means Econ 101 does not apply.
But the latest in @inflectionptswk shows how with a few important tweaks, the traditional model still works just fine.
@bigscarypriv Horace Greeley Hjalmar Schacht was head of the Reichsbank for much of the Weimar years + under Hitler until 1939. Named after Horace Greeley, founder of the New York Tribune and the Democratic candidate for the 1872 election (but died during the electoral process)