Honorary starter Gary Player (90) played in his first Masters in 1957.
Back then:
- The winner got $8,750
- Tom Watson was seven years old
- Fred Ridley was four
- Queen Elizabeth II was five years into her reign
- Dwight D. Eisenhower was the US president
- Harold Macmillan was the PM
- Elvis Presley was at No.1 with "All Shook Up"
MTV officially shut down its 24-hour music channels yesterday. They ended their final broadcast with 'Video killed the radio star' by The Buggles, the very first video broadcasted by MTV on August 1st, 1981.
From Mutiny to Revolt by William R. Pinch
📘 The first history to demonstrate the crucial importance of women, gender, honour, and humiliation in the Mutiny-Revolt of 1857.
https://t.co/pR1UglfIZo
Tom Bombadil is the most mysterious character in The Lord of the Rings.
He's the oldest being in Middle-earth and completely immune to the Ring's power — but why?
Bombadil is the key to the underlying ethics of the entire story, and to resisting evil yourself… 🧵
"He who does not read, at 70 years will have lived only one life, his own! He who reads, will have lived 5000 years: He was there when Cain killed Abel, when Renzo married Lucia, when Leopardi admired infinity... Because "Reading is backward immortality."
Umberto Eco
So, finally the 'India State of Forest Report 2023' by @ForestSurvey is out today in 2 volumes consisting of 796 pages. Some quick observations:
1. India's forest cover stands at 7,15,342.61 km²,ie 21.76% of the geo area. Including tree cover outside recorded forests, this rises to 25.17% (1,12,014.34 km²). While a slight increase is observed since 2021, regional variations are important.
2. India's forests play a vital role in climate change mitigation, storing approximately 7,285.5 Mt of carbon. Soil is the largest reservoir (4,012 Mt), followed by above-ground biomass (2,374.4 Mt), remaining in below-ground mass, deadwood, and litter. This highlights the importance of natural forests over our fantasy of plantations with no focus on undergrowth.
3. Significant declines were seen in M.P. (-612.41 km²), Karnataka (-459.36 km²), & Ladakh (-159.26 km²). Over the last decade (2013-2023), Arunachal (-1,085 km²), Mizoram (-987.7 km²), & Nagaland (-794 km²) have faced the largest losses.
3. Mangrove forests declined by 7.43 km², with Gujarat (-36.39 km², esp Kutch alone -61.14 km²) and Andaman (-4.65 km²) reporting the highest losses. Andhra (+13.01 km²) & Maharashtra (+12.39 km²) showed gains.
4. Forest Fires: Between November '23 and June '24, 34,562.33 km² of forests were affected by fires. Andhra Pradesh (5,287 km²), Maharashtra (4,095 km²), and Telangana (3,983 km²) reported the highest areas. Increases in fire incidents were alarming, especially in Himachal Pradesh (14-fold) and Uttarakhand (4-fold). Districts like Nainital, Garhwal, and Shimla entered the top 20 for forest fires. The significant rise in incidents in these regions raises compelling questions about the underlying causes. Could this be attributed to climate change, monitoring, or something else?
5. B/w 2011-2021, India lost 30,808 km² of open & scrub forests alongside 14,073 km² of moderately dense forests and 1,816 km² of dense forests to "non-forest" uses. The report mentions carbon sequestration potential of 406.05 MT of carbon from these degraded lands but is silent on non-forest uses. . In my understanding, these areas are already home to some of the country’s most significant engineering projects—mines, highways, and strategic developments of national importance—and many are being planned or approved following the latest amendments to the Forest Conservation Act. Yet, despite this acknowledgment, FSI holds up a mirror to our collective failures. Carbon Sequestration Potential or Carbon Sink lost—ultimately, it amounts to the same. The recent amendments to the Forest Conservation Act in 2023 are a disaster and the number is only going to increase significantly in coming years.
6. The Western Ghats lost 58 km² of forest over the last decade. Nilgiris district lost 123 km², while Uttara Kannada gained 160km². The ESA notification is pending since 2013.
7. Agroforestry-related tree cover in urban regions has declined over the last decade. Lakshadweep (-66.56 km²), D&N/Daman and Diu (-36.2 km²), & Delhi (-33.48 km²) are the most affected.
While the report indicates a net gain in national forest cover, this marginal increase masks concerning regional forest losses, particularly in biodiversity-rich areas such as the Western Ghats, North-East, Open Natural Ecosystems, Islands and other natural ecosystems. These findings raise urgent concerns about the effectiveness of current conservation efforts, policies and the government's priorities.
#forest #FSI #environment
I am deeply honored to have been awarded the Nobel Prize in economics for 2024, together with my friends and colleagues Simon Johnson and James Robinson.
https://t.co/sC8geaeex3