Learning Medicine and Surgery | Studied Biochemistry | Equity Investor | Lover of God | Family-oriented & Chef | Passionate About Seeing Evolution of A New Ng
@DocPriyamMD Yes, the dipstick presenting myoglobin as a hemoglobin could be a diagnostic trap when it is interpreted in isolation from the clinical history or understanding of the pathology..
C, see Appendix
Appendix is not a useless organ; it is rather rich in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and subserves a function as a protective reservoir for beneficial gut bacteria. It helps restore intestinal microbiome after severe diarrheal hits while contributing to mucosal immunity through IgA production. We may think of it as a hospital’s secure backup pharmacy which is rarely needed during routine operations but invaluable when the main supply, ie normal gut flora is wiped out, to allow rapid recovery. Although appendectomy is considered generally safe because other immune tissues compensate as modern research has recognized appendix as an active participant in maintaining gut health rather than a redundant organ!
D.
Respiratory or oxygen burst pathway for microbial killing via generation of reactive oxygen species….
NADPH oxidase transfers electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen (O2) to form Superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxide dismutase converts superoxide into Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). H2O2 can then be converted into:
Hydroxyl radical (OH) via the Fenton reaction…
NO, nitiric oxide odds out.
Neither low nor high is inherently more dangerous. The true danger lies in whether tissue perfusion, oxygen delivery or cellular function is being compromised and how quickly the abnormality hits. In medicine, numbers do not treat patients but Physiology does. Assess patients thoroughly and TREAT the patients not always the results or figures.
A med student asked me, "Doc, can you explain antibiotic resistance to me in an easy way?"
I told him: It is us moving completely backwards. It means one day, a minor scratch on your knee could kill you again.
Antibiotic resistance is not bacteria becoming insurmountably stronger but humanity becoming overly careless. Every unnecessary prescription, skipped dose, misuse and no regulatory laws guiding use trains microbes for the next battle. The worrisome post-antibiotic era wouldn’t arrive overnight, it is already knocking….
Nature abhors a vacuum and the things that create one. Processed food, especially simple sugars create room for acid‑producing bacteria to thrive. Animals do not have magically self‑cleaning teeth. Most wild animals eat fibrous, abrasive diets, chew for long periods and rarely expose their mouths to the constant sugar hits that today’s humans do. The remarkable fact is that archaeologists find far fewer cavities in many pre‑industrial human skulls than in modern populations. Tooth decay explodes when refined sugar became common, reason for prevalence of dental caries. We brush not because humans are uniquely flawed but because our diet changed faster than our biology did.
My dentist friend was asked a fascinating question: "Why do humans have to brush every day, and why do our teeth still stain despite it, while animals never have to brush and their teeth are still white?"
D. Detox is a scam!
Trying to do what your body has been wired to do is nothing short of effort in futility. If there’s anything to be done at all to aid detoxification by vital body organs, it is healthy lifestyle modifications;
- Fast intermittently, give the body chance to heal via AUTOPHAGY
- Daily physical activity- at least 30mins brisk walk
- Complex carbs, protein, fats, Vegetables over refined simple sugars in cans or high calories in wraps
- Hydrate liberally..
High cervical or thoracic spinal injury causes gastroparesis (delayed gastric motility/emptying) via disruption autonomic parasympathetic (vagal) supply to the stomach that regulates gastric motility.
Gastroparesis is one of the earliest gastrointestinal manifestations of high cervical spinal cord injury and can significantly increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia, particularly in ventilated patients, due to delayed gastric emptying and large gastric residual volumes…
This is clinically important because aspiration pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with high spinal cord injuries, making early recognition and management of gastroparesis essential…!
Let us look at the actual pediatric physiology behind why pure water is highly toxic to a newborn.
• A baby under 6 months old has incredibly immature, underdeveloped kidneys. They cannot filter out large amounts of plain water efficiently. If you give them pure water, their kidneys fail to flush it out fast enough and the extra water spills directly into their bloodstream.
• As that extra water floods the bloodstream, it severely dilutes the normal concentration of essential minerals specifically sodium. In medicine, this rapid drop in blood sodium is called hyponatremia.
• When the sodium levels in the blood drop too low, physics takes over. The excess water leaves the blood vessels and rushes into the body's tissues to try and balance things out. The most dangerous place this happens is the brain. The brain cells absorb the water and begin to swell up.
• Because the skull is a hard, enclosed space, a swelling brain has nowhere to go. This pressure leads to water intoxication. The baby will become extremely drowsy, start vomiting and can quickly develop severe, life-threatening seizures.
• Breast milk is mostly water, but it is packed with the exact right balance of proteins, fats and electrolytes that keep the blood chemistry stable. Plain water completely wrecks that balance. Until 6 months, breast milk or formula is the only hydration they safely need.
@DocPriyamMD@NelsonMogaka_ B. Ultra-processed meats
Where Nitrates, nitrites and nitrous compounds are the chief culprits with potential to throw nucleotides out of sequence into disarray…
D.
Dengue.
Unlike most viral infections, a second dengue infection with a different serotype can be more severe due to Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE). Non-neutralizing antibodies from the first infection facilitate viral entry into immune cells, increasing viral replication and triggering an exaggerated inflammatory response. This leads to capillary leakage, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage and shock, increasing the risk of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Previous dengue infection is therefore a major risk factor for severe disease and warrants close clinical monitoring during reinfection.