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Not only should the Quran be made compulsory in Madrasa, but students should compulsorily select one of the following as a subject during their secondary education.
1) Atheism 2) Buddhism 3) Christianism 4) Hinduism 5) Islamism 6) Jainism 7) Shikhism, etc.
India Upfront: Mega bid to win Muslim minds. Modi announces plethora of schemes for Muslim empowerment. Students will learn Quran & computing as part of Madrassa modernisation. Progressive voices hail Achche Din for Muslims.
Join @Rshivshankar. | #ModiWithMuslims
For four thousand years, the Indian subcontinent was the centre of world trade. Sumerian tablets record Indian ships reaching Mesopotamia in the third millennium BC. Rome ran a permanent trade deficit with India. By 1600, Surat was the richest port on earth.
Then, within a single lifetime, India lost its maritime supremacy almost entirely.
The conventional explanation is that Europe arrived with superior ships and weapons. It is a comforting story and it is largely wrong. The deeper cause was internal.
Indian commerce was extraordinarily sophisticated. Surat's leading merchant, the Jain financier Virji Vora, was reputedly the richest man in the world; the East India Company borrowed from him. Merchants of every religion and origin traded together because the system rested on two foundations: religious toleration, established by Akbar, and predictable, low-tariffs. Customs duties were around five per cent. Contracts were honoured. Trust was the real currency.
There was one structural weakness. In Venice, Amsterdam and London, the state and the merchant class shared an interest in trade and invested in it together. In Mughal India, the ruling elite was indifferent to commerce. Merchants financed the state; the state never encouraged merchants.
When Aurangzeb became hostile, merchants had no protection. Religious toleration was abandoned. Temples were destroyed, punitive taxes on non-Muslims reimposed, the Sikh Guru executed. Forty years of war followed. East India Company imports from India fell ninety per cent in seven years. Eight thousand merchants abandoned Surat in a single exodus.
They relocated, many of them to an insignificant island Britain had received as a royal wedding dowry, because it offered the security and toleration the Mughal state had destroyed. It also offered English Common Law. Within a generation Bombay was the commercial capital of India. The Wadia family built the Royal Navy's finest ships there. The Tata dynasty traces its origins to this migration.
Europe did not defeat Indian commerce. It inherited it, by providing the conditions Indian merchants needed and their own rulers had thrown away.
This is not an argument about colonialism. It is an argument about something more fundamental, and it is the thread running through all three of my books on maritime trade. The second ‘The Millennium Maritime Trade Revolution’ is subtitled ‘How Asia Lost Maritime Supremacy.’ It is hardly ever lost to a stronger rival but when a society stops valuing the openness, toleration and commercial purpose that made it great. Portugal did it. The Dutch Republic did it. Britain, in the 20th century, did it too.
The conditions of prosperity are always a choice. And they can be unmade by a single generation that comes to value something else more.
Link to the full Substack essay with sources is below.
@JaipurDialogues As per Sahih al-Bukhari (Hadith 1279): "it is prohibited to mourn for more than three days, except for death of a husband in which case wives mourn for 3 months and ten days.
How is this mourning after so many centuries allowed?
@yj541990@GemsOfINDOLOGY Also, While lineage gotra dictates biological family ties and marriage boundaries, kundali gotra is used strictly for spiritual alignment and planetary remedies.
Moreover if someones true Gotra/lineage is unknown/lost someone can start using the Nakshatric Gotra
@yj541990@GemsOfINDOLOGY Bharatiya sanskriti takes care of proper gene pool, paternal lineage was maintained by banning SAGOTRA(generally 7 generations) and Maternal by SARAKATA(5 gens)
So to answer, the Gotra generally refered is inherited from father, whereas one in kundali is from Birth Nakshatra
@theskindoctor13 Even with EV 2wheelers I can't understand the deal.
An EV cost 1.25 lacs and the battery replacement cost around 35K evey 3 years. That's roughly 1000 per month.
Petrol 2 wheeler is 85k upfront. And monthly fuel charge would be less than 1000
So petrol 2wheelee is cheaper.
@Andyy3557033271@SrBachchan Agreed, that all diamonds are not gem worthy.
But again gem worthy diamonds are also not that rare.
If you want a gem worthy diamonds, then Lab grown diamonds should be the choice.
You get the best clarity, the colour of your choice and huge carats at a fraction of cost.
@AartiTikoo It's not better, but worse if being poor and obscure convers you to easiest of targets to those bloodthirsty hatemongers.
Better be rich and powerful and choose not to be hatemongers.
@theskindoctor13 Most of the parents of such children have accepted the fate of living and dying alone.
Many of them convey this to the children too.
Most have accepted this new norm.
We must accept too and move on.