The fundamental element of the brain is energy: it’s transformation and flow through physical structures, which itself shapes the emergence and remodeling of those structures
The cycle of life, every instant, in your mitochondria.
The major electron carrier in mitochondria is NAD+. When it collects an electron from the food you eat, NAD+ is converted into NADH. NADH then feeds the electron to the electron transport chain so the electron can flow to oxygen - the ultimate electron acceptor.
How easily electrons make their way to oxygen determines energy resistance (éR) following the energy resistance principle (ERP) https://t.co/eAL6i73l09
Mitochondrial matrix and cell cytoplasm are two different "sealed" compartments, but there is a special system that connects the NAD+/NADH pools between mito and cytoplasm: the Malate-Aspartate shuttle
The Malate-Aspartate shuttle shown below is how NADH from the cytoplasm (made by glycolysis) is carried into mitochondria. The electron transport chain can then regenerate NAD+ by respiring the flowing electron.
Everywhere in biology: energy transfer. Sometimes without molecular carriers. Here with a number of enzymatic intermediates, creating an integrated electrical circuit.
The circuit is in service of the flowing electron looking for a place to rest. Getting back onto oxygen to become H2O (water) again, as it was initially before getting ripped off by light energy and stuck onto a carbon backbone in a green leaf.
Animation by @janetiwasa lab
https://t.co/V7R07dVJbi
🏁🔥The race is ON! 🔥🏁
The leaderboard is heating up, but there’s still time to claim your spot at the top! 🏆💨
Resister now: https://t.co/7mB5B8lz44
@MultiBrains@UCLABrainSPORT@MountSinai
🚀 #TraineeTuesday Spotlight! 🚀
Meet Elika Moallem, a 3rd-year PhD student working with the @BachstetterLab at @UKYmedicine & proud @Neurotrauma member! 🧠💡
Elika’s research explores neuroinflammation & brain injury, paving the way for new treatments in TBI & aging. 🔬👏
Read more: https://t.co/GbomHXVcfu
#Neurotrauma #BrainInjury #WomenInSTEM #Neuroscience
Incredible science this year at #Neurotrauma2023. Can't wait for @elika_mo and @jvin0295's posters (272 & 275) today. So many superb trainee posters to check out these past two days…so little time!
#NNS2023@SCoBIRC
NO JOKE: The foreign minister of the murderous Islamic Republic of Iran will be in Geneva on Feb. 27 to address the opening of the U.N. Human Rights Council. We are calling on all countries to walk out — including FMs from France, Germany, UK — as they did for Lavrov last year.
NO JOKE: The foreign minister of the murderous Islamic Republic of Iran will be in Geneva on Feb. 27 to address the opening of the U.N. Human Rights Council. We are calling on all countries to walk out — including FMs from France, Germany, UK — as they did for Lavrov last year.
Song can change the world and inspire change. We're honored to have @FLOTUS present our first ever Song For Social Change Special Merit Award to @HajipourShervin. #GRAMMYs
I just learned from 12 FBI agents that the 3 men hired by the Iranian regime to kill me on US soil have been indicted. The Islamic Revolutionary Guards have been conducting these terrorist operations for four decades.
Islamic Republic is ISIS with oil.
#WomanLifeFreedom
I am politically sponsoring #ArmitaAbbasi, a young Iranian woman who has been subjected to brutal torture in prison. Armita must be freed NOW. We stand in solidarity with the brave people of #Iran who deserve freedom and full respect for their human rights.
#WomenLifeFreedom
It’s been over two months since the death of #MahsaAmini. Over two months of nationwide protests in Iran. Over two months of the regime’s violent crackdown, killing women, men and children who are fighting for freedom. Stand with Iran. Use your voice.
In our one-on-one meeting, I asked for
1. France to recall its ambassador
2. Halt to any nuclear negotiations until crackdown stops
3. Designate IRGC as a terrorist organization & push the EU to do same
4. Expel IRI diplomats
5. Set up a meeting with a delegation of opposition