Mesopotamia was never the cradle of civilisation. India was.
I spent forty years in international shipping, not academia. When I began researching the history of maritime trade, I had no orthodoxy to defend. I followed the evidence, and it kept arriving in the same place: the Indian subcontinent.
Nineteenth century archaeologists dug in Mesopotamia because the climate preserved artefacts, the biblical sources pointed them there, and the Ottomans allowed the excavations. That is the entire basis for the myth of Mesopotamia as "the cradle of civilisation."
Nobody applied the same rigour to India. Mohenjo-daro was not discovered until 1922. By then the narrative had already hardened.
What was actually there was the largest civilisation of the ancient world. Three hundred cities. Fifty thousand people in each, by 2600 BC. Two thirds of them stood on the banks of the Sarasvati, the central and greatest of the seven rivers described in the Rig Veda, flowing down from the Himalayas before the river vanished entirely by 1900 BC. The Vedic kings claimed territory stretching "sea to sea," from Afghanistan to Maharashtra, some 1.5 million square miles, against Egypt's 13,000. A dock at Lothal built to handle thirty ships of sixty tons, unmatched in Europe for four thousand years. When it was first excavated, it was recorded as a bathing pool.
When the scale became impossible to dismiss, the theory was not corrected. It was replaced with a story of pale-skinned nomads from the steppe who supposedly arrived around 1500 BC and brought civilisation with them. There is no evidence. The chronology doesn't work. The Vedas describe no invasion.
In 2019 a Harvard-led genetic study revived the claim, and the press reported it as confirmation. It was not. The same study found the builders of these cities were indigenous. The Sarasvati river that the Rig Veda described had already dried up before these newcomers arrived. What the study also found is that a small group of men, arriving after the Sarasvati had already dried up, interbred with the existing population and left a genetic signature. That is all.
So, where they chose to dig was mostly an accident of climate and access. The Aryan invasion theory was constructed because an Indian civilisation that owed nothing to Caucasians was a fact the late nineteenth century could not accommodate.
Link to full Substack essay with sources in the comments below.
Job Hunting in tech? This might help.
I wrote a few guides to help you navigate the job hunt better.
1. How to Reach Out to Recruiters Without Being Ignored
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2. Why Product-Based Companies Avoid Certain Resumes https://t.co/wPBKQpWvet
3. How to Use LinkedIn for Tech Jobs
https://t.co/b6oQijrw2Q
4. Why Freshers Don’t Hear Back (And What to Do About It)
https://t.co/2DlObJhXpX
5. How to land a remote job in 30 days
https://t.co/6eyGnvljoS
6. How to get inbound offers for tech jobs https://t.co/IBCLeCOKOT
7. Why LinkedIn Feels So Weird and How That Can Help You Get Hired https://t.co/b6oQijrw2Q
8. Hiring Advice for Freshers https://t.co/HbkFb2dnDQ
Reposts appreciated, might help someone land a role they care about.
Happy Job Hunting :)
I left #AWS to go back to building 0->1.
I am currently in stealth, building a new AI startup focused on building the company brain. Looking for Founding Full Stack engineers to join me.
-> 5-7 YOE with startup muscle
-> You live and breathe multi-agent orchestration
-> Pushing LLMs and new AI framework to their limits keeps you up at night
I am taking coffees in #Bangalore this week.
DM me with you github and what you are currently hacking on.
RT's are appreciated! 🙏
#FoundingEngineer #AgenticAI #BengaluruStartups #BuildInPublic
Diljit Dosanjh have Isha App in his Phone do Yoga and Listen to Shambho and Bhairavi chants while travelling also ❤️
#Diljit#Sadhguru#Yoga#Singer#Panjabi
Most Indians have not heard of Persistent Systems.
That is a shame, because every Indian should know what happened this weekend.
Let me explain everything from the beginning.
Persistent Systems is an Indian software company founded in Pune in 1990 by Dr. Anand Deshpande.
He started it after doing his PhD at Indiana University, came back to India, and built a technology company from scratch.
For most of its existence, Persistent was a mid-size player that did not get the same attention as TCS, Infosys, or Wipro.
Today, Persistent is recognised as the fastest-growing IT services brand globally in 2026. They have had 24 consecutive quarters of sequential revenue growth.
So, for six straight years, every single quarter has been bigger than the one before it. That kind of consistency is extremely hard to pull off in any business.
Now, they did something that has almost never happened before in Indian tech.
An Indian IT company just launched a takeover bid for a publicly listed German company on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.
Persistent is offering 81 euros per share to buy Nagarro SE, which works out to approximately 1.1 billion euros.
And they are paying 140 percent above Nagarro's share price the day before the deal was announced. That is how badly they want this company, and how confident they are in what the combined business will be worth.
So what does Nagarro actually do and why does Persistent want it so badly?
Nagarro is headquartered in Munich, Germany. They have 18,500 employees across 40 countries and generated 1 billion euros in revenue in 2025.
Their biggest clients include four of the top five European automotive manufacturers. So BMW, Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz type companies.
These are some of the most demanding engineering clients in the world.
Nagarro builds the software that goes inside these companies.
> The dealer management software.
> The supply chain tools.
> The digital interfaces that a BMW engineer uses when designing a new model.
This kind of deeply embedded enterprise software work is extremely difficult to replace once it is in place. These are long relationships measured in decades, not years.
That is why this deal makes strategic sense for Persistent.
Before this deal, only 9 percent of Persistent's revenue came from Europe. After this acquisition closes, that number jumps to 22 percent.
Right now, Persistent earns most of its money from North American clients, which means it is heavily exposed to whatever happens in the US economy.
If US companies cut tech spending, Persistent hurts.
Adding a strong European base changes that. Your revenue is now spread across two of the world's largest economies.
The combined company will have $2.9 billion in annual revenue and more than 46,000 employees across 40 countries. Of those, 37,000 plus will be in India.
So an Indian company, built by an Indian founder, that now employs 37,000 Indians and just bought a German company listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.
For most of the last 30 years, the story of Indian IT was that we sent engineers to do work that Western companies needed done cheaply.
Good work, real work, but fundamentally in a support role. You came to us because we were affordable and skilled.
But now with Persistent buying Nagarro, Coforge buying Encora for $2.35 billion, TCS buying Coastal Cloud, Infosys buying Optimum Healthcare IT, Indian IT companies going out and buying Western companies for their client relationships, their market presence, and their technology capabilities.
We are the buyers now. :)
The economic and demographic effects of corruption.
Cost of land in our urban areas is far higher than what our GDP per capita would dictate. The ratio of land value to per capita GDP is probably higher in India than anywhere else. As an example, land prices in Chennai or Bengaluru rival that of cities like New York which has a vastly higher per capita GDP.
The key reason?
First, vast sums of political corruption money is parked in real estate. This raises real estate prices and high real estate prices affect everything downstream.
Second, corruption in building approvals and the like - the famous DTCP - raises construction costs, on top of already higher real estate costs.
Third, corruption in private school regulatory compliance enforcement raises school fees.
Fourth, corruption in private hospital regulatory compliance enforcement raises health care costs.
Fifth, household goods need sales outlets and those pay higher rents due to high real estate prices and construction costs.
So housing, education, healthcare and household goods - all of these now cost higher.
As a direct consequence, the economic burden on the average person gets worse. Young people, facing all these costs, postpone marriage, and postpone children or have fewer children.
That directly affects our demographics.
While this issue exists in many parts of India, Tamil Nadu, being the most urbanized of the bigger states, is particularly hit hard.
So corruption is becoming an existential threat to our society.
If you worry about the super-low birth rate in Tamil Nadu, way below replacement, understand that corruption raising our cost of living is one of the major causes, not the only cause, but a big one in our context.
If you didn't know by now that there are agenda-driven articles and content on X, media, and social media about so many things,
here is your reference and opinion-building fact regarding data centers and water usage.
Deeply shocking to read this official US statement, which contains absolutely no expression of regret or condolence for the loss of innocent Indian lives. How can a “friend” and strategic partner be so deeply insensitive?
Why couldn’t a non-compliant commercial vessel have been stopped using other, non-lethal means? Is it not possible to disable a ship's propulsion or steering without firing missiles targeted to kill civilian crew members?
Practically every merchant ship navigating these crucial waters has Indian crew on board. Are they all considered fair game for US missiles now?
This approach is unacceptable and I hope @DrSJaishankar had said so to @marcorubio.
@timesofindia@JohnsHopkins@srijanapiya17 Tree based agriculture can serve as a feasible effective solution to both heatwaves and Farmers economic condition.🌴🌳🏡👩🌾
Karuvi update: these are the major issues that come up in power tools design. At 11000+ rpm, does it overheat, does it vibrate too much and does it produce too much noise?
We have to find parts that work well and are also price competitive. Low end Chinese power tools won't pass all the tests but they are very cheap. We decided we have to pass all the tests the Japanese and German tools would pass.
Finally we have the product that meets that quality bar shipping to trial customers locally.
Tooling costs are another major issue. We are planning a tool room.
All this has taught us a lot of lessons. We will roll out a full line of tools later this year.
To build anything that truly lasts, it takes time!