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Happy F(rye)day featuring @BhaktaSpirits 2013 straight rye whiskey finished in Calvados casks. This one definitely has that WOW factor!
#fryeday #rye #ryewhiskey
Happy F(rye)day featuring @NewRiff single barrel Kentucky rye!
#fryeday #rye #ryewhiskey #KYrye #singlebarrel
Who else is celebrating #fRYEday and Farm-to-Glass season with a Porch Swing? A farm fresh cocktail crafted with our bottled-in-bond rye whiskey and sweet strawberries. 🍓🥃
Get the full recipe for this spring sipper here: https://t.co/u75X5CkFpA
Happy F(rye)day featuring our 6 year single barrel Smoke Wagon rye whiskey!
#fryeday #rye #ryewhiskey #singlebarrel
Happy F(rye)day featuring @MilamandGreene rye whiskey finished in Port casks!
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Happy F(rye)day the 13th featuring 13 of our favorite rye whiskies!
#fryeday #fryeday13th #rye #ryewhiskey
From yesterday’s #Fryeday fun. A 70% whole grain rye and the rest sprouted whole grain spelt and spring red. Tasty but could have let sour go longer.
Forgot to post this on #Fryeday
All freshly milled whole grain with 75% rye, 23% spelt and the rest buckwheat using a 16 hour rye sponge.
Love how whole rye comes out of the oven smelling of spice notes and none were added.
Happy F(rye)day featuring @Elijah_Craig barrel proof Kentucky rye!!!
#fryeday #rye #ryewhiskey #barrelproof #KYrye
F(rye)day with Mike the Whiskey Farmer, distiller, rye whisperer. 🌾 Every sip of Roknar starts in his fields—and that’s what makes our rye unlike any other.
#FRYEday #RyeWhiskey #WhiskeyFarm #CraftWhiskey #GrainToGlass
Wednesday is #LISK #FryeDay
On 9/3/2025 Judge Mazzei will announce a decision that will not only have local and statewide implications, this decision will also dictate precedent and a new standard across the United States Criminal Justice System.
If the DNA evidence in the Gilgo case is admitted under the Frye standard, its national impact would likely include all of the above but for me, it will ensure that the girls: Sandra Costilla, Valerie Mack, Jessica Taylor, Maureen Brainard-Barnes, Mellissa Barthelemy, Megan Waterman and Amber Lynn Costello will, after decades of apathy, corruption, ignorance, exploitation and sensationalism, will at long last, get the Justice that each one of them and their beloved Families deserve.
#FryeDay #JusticeForGilgoVictims #CatchLISK
Should the DNA evidence in the Gilgo Beach case pass the Frye Standard, its national impact would be significant across the US legal fleet: legal precedent, forensic science, confidence and trust in the justice system, and how unresolved cases are handled in the future. In Suffolk County, this precedent may bring more charges against Rex Heuermann, will unmask criminals heretofore unknown and may bring names back to the #Unidentified
There are two fundamental “standards” for determining the admissibility of scientific evidence in court in the United States, Frye and Daubert. Since most States use Daubert or a combination of both Daubert and Frye, Judge Mazzei’s ruling will reset legal goalposts.
Frye Standard:
This standard, which originated in the 1923 case Frye v United States, focuses on whether the expert testimony’s underlying methodology is generally accepted within the relevant scientific community. If the methodology is widely accepted, it is considered admissible.
Daubert Standard:
The Daubert Standard, established in the 1993 case Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, superseded Frye in federal courts and expanded the factors considered for admissibility. It requires judges to determine if the testimony is both relevant and reliable, and considers factors like:
* Can the methodology be tested?
* Has the process been peer reviewed?
* Is there a known or potential rate of error?
* Is the process generally accepted in the scientific community?
* Are established protocols in use?
Legal Precedent: Frye Standard and Novel DNA Techniques.
If the DNA evidence (particularly if it involves advanced or less-established techniques like mitochondrial DNA, familial DNA, or degraded trace DNA) is admitted under Frye, it may:
* Empower the use of new forensic DNA techniques in courts across states still using Frye.
* Set precedent for other cases relying on similar evidence.
* Defense attorneys and prosecutors across the country could cite this case when arguing for or against admissibility of forensic evidence.
Validation of Cutting-edge Forensic Techniques
If the evidence includes touch DNA, familial DNA matching, or genealogy databases, and it survives Frye scrutiny:
* It supports the legitimacy and reliability of these newer techniques.
* Would encourage states and jurisdictions that were skeptical or hesitant to begin using or expanding such methods.
* Would influence how lab protocols and expert witness standards are shaped nationwide.
Impact on Unresolved Cold Case Investigations
* A ruling admitting this DNA evidence would certainly energize efforts in solving unresolved cases using newly viable DNA methods.
* Agencies may re-open older unsolved cases, particularly ones with degraded or limited DNA evidence, now emboldened by legal validation.
* Would offer renewed hope for families who have had little to no movement on the loved one’s cases.
Shift in Prosecutorial Strategies
Prosecutors across the U.S. may be more likely to pursue charges in complex or long-dormant serial killer cases based on partial or circumstantial DNA evidence.
This could influence:
* How early prosecutors bring charges.
* How heavily they lean on DNA evidence to secure indictments or plea deals.
Public Trust and Policy Discussions
High-profile cases like Gilgo attract national attention. The successful use of this type DNA evidence:
* Increases public confidence in forensic science.
* Sparks debates about privacy and ethics, especially regarding genealogy databases, contrasted against jurisprudence and the pursuit of Justice.
* Would influence legislation around database use, familial searching, and data access policies.
Overview of the DNA Evidence in the Gilgo Beach Case
Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) from Hair (Nuclear DNA):
* Prosecutors extracted nuclear DNA from rootless hairs found on several victims. They used whole-genome sequencing (WGS), which examines tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of points—far beyond the traditional 15–24 STR markers. This allows for a much more precise match, often narrowing it down to a single individual.
* Experts like Dr. Kelly Harris, Dr. Nicole Novroski and Dr. Richard E. Green testified this approach is reliable and generally accepted within the scientific community.
* However, this method has not yet been admitted in any criminal trial in New York, making its admissibility under Frye untested.
* Prosecutors argued that the science underlying WGS is widely used in fields like medicine and identification of war dead—and that it should therefore be admissible.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Analysis from Hair and Discarded Items
* Investigators analyzed mitochondrial DNA from hairs found on all but one of the girls and from items like discarded pizza boxes or bottles collected near Heuermann’s home.
* For example, hair from one victim matched mitochondrial DNA profiles from Heuermann’s wife and daughter, excluding about 99.98% of the North American population.
* The pizza crust is fundamental—they recovered it, swabbed it for DNA, and compared it to hair from a victim (specifically from the burlap wrapping) using mitochondrial markers. The profiles matched, excluding 99.96% of the population.
What This Means Under the Frye Standard
The Frye standard requires that scientific evidence be “generally accepted” in its relevant scientific community before being admitted in court.
WGS Evidence (Nuclear DNA)
* Prosecution’s position: WGS is a mainstream, widely used tool in science and forensic arenas and thus meets the Frye threshold.
* Defense’s position: The specific method—proprietary techniques used by a California lab (Astrea Forensics)—has never been peer-reviewed or used in any court, so it hasn’t been generally accepted and shouldn’t be admitted.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Evidence
This is long-established and accepted in courts. Using mtDNA to match profiles to family members is not novel and typically satisfies Frye’s “general acceptance” requirement.
New York State and The Frye Standard
New York is one of the few remaining states that uses the Frye standard instead of the more modern Daubert standard for determining the admissibility of scientific evidence.
* Under Frye, the court asks: “Is the technique generally accepted in the relevant scientific community?”
* It’s not about whether the judge finds the science compelling—it’s about whether the broader scientific field accepts it.
A History of DNA Evidence Admissibility in New York
STR DNA (Short Tandem Repeats) – Accepted Since the 1990s
STR testing is the standard method used in most DNA profiling today.
* Widely accepted in New York courts for decades.
* Used in thousands of convictions and exonerations.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) – Admitted Since Early 2000s
* Especially useful for hair, bones, or degraded samples.
* New York courts have consistently admitted mtDNA when standards are followed and the lab methodology is validated.
* Cited in cold cases and exhumation cases.
Familial DNA Searching – Mixed Treatment
* Familial DNA searches look for close (but not exact) matches in DNA databases to find relatives of possible suspects.
* New York approved regulated use in 2017, but it is still controversial and not widely used in courts.
* Courts have been cautious, requiring clear procedures and oversight.
Low Copy Number (LCN) DNA – Highly Controversial
* LCN DNA involves analyzing very small or degraded DNA samples (touch DNA).
* First introduced in the early 2000s, it was initially rejected by NY courts due to lack of peer-reviewed validation.
* People v. Megnath (2009): Court found LCN DNA did not meet Frye.
* In later years, some courts admitted it on a case-by-case basis—but the method remains legally vulnerable.
Rapid DNA Testing – Not Widely Accepted Yet
* Used in police booking or emergencies, this tech can produce results in under 2 hours.
* NY courts have not ruled definitively on its admissibility in trial.
Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) – Currently Under Frye Challenge (People v Heuermann)
* First major test in a NY criminal court is in the #LISK case.
* Courts are evaluating whether WGS is “generally accepted” for criminal justice applications, despite being common in medicine and scientific research.
Resources:
https://t.co/cnCGpDlsqW
https://t.co/EOx6IabU3W
https://t.co/hanKh0H4Ol
https://t.co/DUWeOanxFv
https://t.co/jlgQEDrdR8
https://t.co/ixqpvKkmig
https://t.co/WT9G3mva5a
#FryeDay
Today is the day that @RayTierneyDA and the Prosecution team has to submit their final summation on the admissibility of the DNA evidence.
Here is what the math outlined looks like of #LISK own hair left on one of the victims:
1.837x10 to the 603 power looks like this:
1,837000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.
#Science #NotMagic #CaughtLISK
Countdown to #FryeDay
Tomorrow, 8/15/2025 is the due date for #LISK defense team to submit their summation on why they believe the DNA evidence that has made Rex Heuermann the prime suspect in the Gilgo Murders should not be admitted into evidence.
Defense lawyers Michael Brown and Danielle Coysh presented two “experts” to refute the DA’s three, accredited experts and the process created by Astrea Labs.
For months leading up to the Frye hearings we heard Brown talk about how Astrea’s process is “magic”, and not widely used in the relevant scientific fields, including the criminal Justice system.
Newsday has done excellent reporting on the Frye Hearings and there is plenty of information available for the reader to formulate their own opinions. The DA has until next Frye Day 8/22/25 to submit their summation.
Judge Mazzei is set to decide on admissibility on 9/3/25.
This link will take you to a comprehensive collection of all the info related to the Frye Hearings:
https://t.co/u7bbrIUXVU
#NotAMagician
#FryeDay #DNADontLie
Congratulations to Dr. Richard Ed Green, the winner of the 2025 Ramapo College Investigative Genetic Genealogy Award. Dr. Green, cofounder of Astrea Forensics and Claret Bioscience, was nominated for his pioneering work as a professor, expert witness, and scientist pushing the boundaries of what can be achieved with paleogenomics, population genetics, and computational biology methods in forensic work. Ed's work has helped to identify the deceased, exonerate the innocent, and secure justice for victims of violent crime and will continue to impact the criminal justice system through his work validating direct SNP comparisons.
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