Top Tweets for #PhMethods
#Normal_phase_columns should be stored in Isooctane/Ethanol. Reversed phase stationary phases should be kept in a mixture of water / organic modifier (Acetonitrile/Methanol), free from any buffers or additives that might precipitate during storage.
#PhMethods
#HPLC_column is simply washed with 2-3 column volumes of the initial solvent mixture before starting a new separation. However, some impurities that are strongly retained on the column will accumulate at the intlet, if the mobile-phase composition is not strong enough.
#PhMethods
#Photoelasticity describes changes in the optical properties of a material under mechanical deformation. It is a property of all dielectric media and is often used to experimentally determine the stress distribution in a material
#PhMethods
The first principle of #good_manufacturin_practice takes cognisance of the fact that work procedures and work instructions are basic to the business's operations. Hence, it is important to write all procedures, right from the beginning of the process to the end.
#PhMethods
With #ultrasonic_extraction, the sonication uses ultrasonic waves. A probe is inserted into the mixture. The waves create microscopic currents and pressurized liquid eddies which creates a harsh environment. The speed of the waves goes at speeds of 20,000 per second.
#PhMethods
#Site_acceptance_test is an useful tool to determine the functionality of the equipment at the user site before its installation. The SAT (site acceptance tests) are written by the client themselves and this verifies the functionality of the equipment being tested.
#PhMethods
#Methanol is used in HPLC as it is a polar-protic solvent, whereas acetonitrile is a polar-aprotic solvent and possesses a stronger dipole moment. This means that the organic modifier used in the mobile phase can have a powerful effect on chromatographic selectivity.
#PhMethods
No more than 0.1% of the normal #therapeutic_dose of any product will appear in the maximum daily dose of the following product and no more than 10 ppm of any product will appear in another product after cleaning procedures are performed.
#PhMethods
#NOEL is “No Observed Effect Level” of any pharmaceutical drug. It is determined to calculate the MACO (Maximum Allowable Carry Over) in cleaning validation. NOEL is the amount of drug in mg that does not have any effect on the human health.
#PhMethods
#Wavenumber is unit of energy and can directly deduce the difference of energy between states. In addition, humans like to think in acceptably small numbers. Wavenumber allows this for IR and conveniently supplements the eV unit in small energy separations range.
#PhMethods
#Incurred_sample_reanalysis (ISR) is commonly defined as the reanalysis of a subset of preclinical or clinical study samples during sample analysis in order to demonstrate the perceived robustness of previously validated bioanalytical methods.
#PhMethods
#Mutations result either from accidents during the normal chemical transactions of DNA, often during replication, or from exposure to high-energy electromagnetic radiations or particle radiation or to highly reactive chemicals in the environment.
#PhMethods
#Genetic_variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's offspring).
#PhMethods
In dye test, an #emulsion is mixed with a water-soluble dye (amaranth) and observed under the microscope. If the continuous phase appears red, it means that the emulsion is o/w type as water is in the external phase and the dye will dissolve in it to give colour.
#PhMethods
#Alkylphenols are starting materials for the synthesis of alkylphenol ethoxylates, which are used as non ionic tensides, dispersive agents in paper and leather manufacturing, emulsifiers for pesticide formulations and as auxiliary agents for drilling and flotation.
#PhMethods
#Flow_injection_analysis is an approach to chemical analysis. It is accomplished by injecting a plug of sample into a flowing carrier stream. The principle is similar to that of Segmented Flow Analysis but no air is injected into the sample or reagent streams.
#PhMethods
A PID uses an #ultraviolet (UV) light source to break down VOCs in the air into positive and negative ions. The PID then detects or measures the charge of the ionized gas, with the charge being a function of the concentration of VOCs in the air.
#PhMethods
An increase in the absorbtion of #ultraviolet light by a solution of DNA as these molecules are subjected to heat, alkaline conditions, etc. Hyperchromic shift is caused by the disruption of the hydrogen bonds of each DNA duplex to yield single-stranded structures.
#PhMethods
Study of #metabolites in biological samples is of high interest for a wide range of biological and pharmaceutical applications.RP-HPLC is the technique used for the separation of metabolites, but it provides little retention for polar metabolites.
#PhMethods
#Liquid_Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) is a powerful analytical technique that combines the separating power of liquid chromatography with the highly sensitive and selective mass analysis capability of triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.
#PhMethods
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