Top Tweets for #RIchardII
'I departed much moved at heart, reflecting to myself on the glories of his former state and on the fickle fortune of this world.'
#RichardII
#Shakespeare
Fascinating
The extraordinary speech Shakespeare gives Richard II echoes an eyewitness account in a 15th-C chronicle that exists in only one manuscript and was unknown until 400 years later.
How? And why?
Link ⬇️
On sale theatre programme from RICHARD II - 1988 - PHOENIX THEATRE - SIR DEREK JACOBI #richardii #theatre #derekjacobi #theater https://t.co/CSNrracdUm
Déja-vu and chills with a Jonny Bailey Count Dracula/Richard II mash-up! 😭😜
Y'all don't mess with either one of them!
👑🧛♂️
#JonathanBailey #RICHARDII #Dracula #BridgeTheatre @audible_com
OTD in 1399 - #RichardII was deposed by Parliament when the Archbishop of Canterbury read out a statement from him acknowledging his unsuitability to rule. It is doubtful this was with Richard’s consent, but far more interesting is that his successor #HenryIV was elected by Parliament the following day.
Henry was the first Lancastrian King. He was Richard’s cousin, had previously been one of the Lords Appellant (the nobles who had resisted Richard’s rule in the 1380s) & had become the central figurehead of opposition to Richard following the King’s decision to confiscate the Lancastrian estates on the death of Henry’s father, John of Gaunt, in February 1399. But he wasn’t Richard’s heir presumptive. That was another cousin Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March.
However, March was a boy of 7 whereas Henry was the most popular & capable English noble of his generation - a tournament champion, renowned crusader, father of four sons & a skilled orator. In short, he was the obvious choice of replacement king.
Confident in his own popularity, it was Henry himself who insisted on Parliament’s central role in Richard’s deposition & his own accession. In doing so he created an important constitutional precedent, which like Henry himself is often forgotten today.
Last year’s debate about whether #JamesI ‘stole’ the crown of England in 1603 by not necessarily having his predecessor #ElizabethI’s nomination to succeed her overlooks this precedent. Simply put James didn’t need it. For his accession to be legal Parliament’s approval was sufficient. And with or without Elizabeth’s blessing James was always likely to be the English Parliament’s preferred candidate as the most experienced, competent & powerful claimant, similar to Henry in 1399.
An intriguing contrast is with #HenryVII in 1485. It is revealing that Henry VII chose to deliberately schedule his first Parliament for after his coronation on 30 October 1485. Despite his overwhelming victory at the Battle of Bosworth he evidently did not wish to take the risk of Parliament not confirming his legitimacy as King, which points to continuing insecurity about his own position.
#RichardII was deposed #OnThisDay in 1399; he certainly had a keen aesthetic sense, commissioning the #WiltonDiptych; his deposition also inspired one of Shakespeare's greatest plays; here's the deposition scene:
https://t.co/EwnDW9OgVH
https://t.co/yUahFUfRcn
OTD in 1328 - birth of Joan of Kent, mother of #RichardII. Joan was Princess of Wales & Duchess of Aquitaine through her marriage to Edward, the Black Prince & would have been Queen of England if her husband hadn’t predeceased his father #EdwardIII.
Although she was a member of the English royal family (her father Edmund of Woodstock was a younger son from #EdwardI’s second marriage to Margaret of France) Joan was an unexpected choice of bride for the Black Prince who married her for love. This is because not only was Joan a widow, she was one with a scandalous past.
Joan’s family married her to William Montagu, heir to the Earl of Salisbury in 1340/41. However, it later emerged she had already been secretly married to the royal household knight Thomas Holland at the time of her marriage to Montagu. Holland & Joan had to fight hard to have their marriage recognised & Joan’s second marriage annulled through appeals to Edward III & a protracted case which went to Pope Clement VI in Rome. They eventually succeeded in 1349 & lived together as man & wife, with five children, until Holland’s death in 1360.
Joan’s secret marriage is interesting not just for its own sake, but also as an example of the existence of bigamy in medieval England & how difficult it could be to have a secret marriage recognised if powerful people - in this case the Salisburys & Joan’s mother - were insistent it hadn’t happened.
An argument often made against the existence of #EdwardIV’s alleged marriage to Eleanor Talbot in 1461 which rendered his later union to Elizabeth Woodville invalid & was sensationally revealed in June 1483 is that the King cannot have possibly have hoped or managed to keep a previous union secret. But this is exactly what had had happened with Joan of Kent. And imagine for a moment being Eleanor Talbot in the 1460s, she had no surviving close male relatives able to advance her case & would have been powerless if Edward (the husband) denied all knowledge of their union.
King #RichardII was on a mission: It was true that Richard suffered outrageous humiliation ten years ago—much more than he deserved. Was the king's extravagant retribution proportionate to their sins?
#KU: https://t.co/cpx0C8fH4p
#Audio: https://t.co/I58lRS4Mat
OTD in 1409 - death of Isabella de Valois, 2nd wife of #RichardII. Isabella almost became Queen of England twice as the wife of two different men, when #HenryIV, the Lancastrian King who replaced Richard, attempted to remarry her to his son (later #HenryV.)
Isabella married Richard II in Paris on 31 October 1396, when she was aged only 6 & he was 29. Although the marriage was arranged to establish peace between England & France, Isabella was an odd choice for Richard, a widower without an heir. Canonical law stipulated that the marriage could not be consummated until the bride reached her twelfth birthday. Nonetheless Isabella impressed the English envoys by telling them she was happy to be Queen of England as it would make her a great lady. Her dolls were included as part of her wedding trousseau.
Richard seems to have treated Isabella as the daughter he never had & a close bond of affection developed between them. The little Queen was given her own court & governess at Windsor Castle, made a Lady of the Garter & crowned in 1397. Richard visited her regularly & showered her with gifts & toys.
After Richard’s deposition in 1399 & murder in 1400, the new King Henry IV tried to marry Isabella to his heir who was close in age to her (only a 3 year gap) but Isabella refused & went into mourning for her deceased husband. On 21 July 1401 Henry relented & allowed her to return to France with her jewels & personal possessions. However, he kept her dowry, even though this should have been returned following the non-consummation of her marriage.
In 1406 Henry tried again to negotiate a marriage between Isabella & his son, & again was refused. On 29 June 1406 Isabella married her cousin Charles of Orleans instead, but sadly died in childbirth with their only child Joan of Valois when she was aged only 19 on 13 September 1409.
Henry V would go on to marry Isabella’s younger sister Catherine de Valois in 1420 & through her be recognised as Dauphin of France. Their infant son #HenryVI became King of England & France in 1422 on the deaths of both Henry & Charles VI (Isabella & Catherine’s father.)
OTD in 1415 - execution of Richard of Conisbrough, Earl of Cambridge (grandfather of #EdwardIV & #RichardII) for his plot to murder #HenryV & replace him as king with Edmund Mortimer.
Cambridge was survived by his three year old son Richard, later 3rd Duke of York & a key figure in #WarsoftheRoses.
The Southampton Plot to murder Henry V & replace him with Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March was foiled when March revealed all to the King. The plot had lasting consequences.
Shakespeare portrayed the plot as a French financed ploy to prevent Henry’s invasion of France. This suited his play’s narrative arc, but in reality the motivation behind the plot was likely an attempt to gain wealth & power by a frustrated younger son, Cambridge, by making his brother-in-law March king.
Cambridge may have believed he was righting an old wrong, as March had been #RichardII’s heir presumptive at the time he was replaced by #HenryIV in 1399. Cambridge himself had been one of the main losers of his godfather, Richard II’s fall. His father, Edmund, 1st Duke of York had made little provision for him & he had been reduced to renting his birthplace Conisbrough Castle from his older brother, Edward, 2nd Duke of York. The annuity which his mother Duchess Isabel had intended him to receive through an arrangement she had made with Richard II was lost with Richard’s deposition.
Cambridge’s parentage remains the subject of debate. There are suggestions he may have been the product of a liaison between his mother & John Holland, Duke of Exeter, half-brother of Richard II. This would certainly explain the paucity of provision made for Cambridge by the Yorks. It might also be supported by his grandson Richard III’s DNA which revealed a break in the chain/ potential for an illegitimate ancestor.
If Cambridge knew/ suspected that Holland was his true father he may even have been believed he was honouring Holland’s legacy through his actions in 1415. Holland had been the instigator of the failed 1400 Epiphany Rising which sought to reverse Richard II’s deposition by murdering Henry IV & his sons.
Cambridge was executed for treason with his fellow plotter Henry Scrope on 5 August 1415, just before Henry V’s expedition departed for France.
The greatest irony of the events of 1415 is that Cambridge’s brother, Edward Duke of York was killed at the Battle of Agincourt on 25 October, meaning that if Cambridge hadn’t rebelled he would have gained a vast inheritance. As it was his young son, Richard (father of Edward IV & Richard III) who became the 3rd Duke of York, with his wardship being granted to Henry IV’s half-sister Joan Beaufort & her husband Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmorland. They would then marry York to their youngest daughter Cecily Neville, starting the connection between York & the Nevilles which would later be so pivotal to the Wars of the Roses.
As the combined heir to the Mortimers & the Yorks, Richard, 3rd Duke of York came from a heritage which placed him near to the throne. Perhaps, it was unsurprising that he was never fully trusted by his cousin #HenryVI, given his background as the heir of previous threats to the Lancastrian dynasty, especially the Mortimer claim which arguably was stronger than the King’s own.
.99 TODAY! King #RichardII was on a mission: It was true that Richard suffered outrageous humiliation ten years ago—much more than he deserved. Was the king's extravagant retribution proportionate to their sins?
#KU: https://t.co/cpx0C8fH4p
#Audio: https://t.co/I58lRS4Mat
King #RichardII was on a mission: It was true that Richard suffered outrageous humiliation ten years ago—much more than he deserved. Was the king's extravagant retribution proportionate to their sins?
#KU: https://t.co/cpx0C8fH4p
#Audio: https://t.co/I58lRS4Mat
OTD in 1398 - Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March was killed at the Battle of Kellistown. March’s death had serious consequences for #RichardII (image) & is important context for Richard’s own deposition in 1399.
As a descendant of #EdwardIII’s second son, Lionel, Duke of Clarence, March was viewed by many as Richard’s heir presumptive. His death left that role to be taken by his son Edmund, who was a boy of only 7 when the crisis of 1399 arrived. This further strengthened the appeal of Richard’s long term rival his cousin Henry of Bolingbroke (later #HenryIV) who was a renowned jouster, crusader & father to four sons.
Richard’s desire to avenge March’s death was also the trigger for his Irish campaign, which meant he was out of the country when Henry landed at Ravenspur to reclaim his inheritance in the summer of 1399. It wouldn’t be long before Henry’s return developed into a bid for the crown.
The #WarsoftheRoses are often traced back to Henry IV’s usurpation & the passing over of the superior claim of the Mortimers. This claim was inherited by Richard, 3rd Duke of York from his mother Anne Mortimer, who was the daughter of the Roger Mortimer.
However, there was nothing inevitable about the conflict & the Mortimer claim could have lapsed into history in other circumstances. Henry IV & Henry V were both successful Kings of England, with the latter even making good the Plantagenet claim to the throne of France.
Instead, the Wars of the Roses were caused by the ineptitude of Henry VI. The combination of the loss of the Battle of Castillon & Henry’s own mental collapse in 1453 was a vivid demonstration that the House of Lancaster was no longer the winning prospect it had once been.
It is striking that as late as 1452 York lacked support (even from his close Neville kinsmen) when he brought an army to Dartford demanding a greater role in government & was forced into a humiliating surrender. From 1453 onwards however, York’s appeal rose as Henry’s evaporated. The Neville Earls had also seen an opportunity to ally with York to bolster their own positions in their respective inheritance disputes (Salisbury with the Percies in the north & Warwick with Somerset in Wales) both of which had involved armed skirmishes in 1453.
Misery makes sport to mock itself. Richard II, A2S1, #ShakespeareSunday #RichardII #GilmoreGirls #LukeDanes #GilmoreGirls25
"... More than my dancing soul doth celebrate ..."
Richard II
(Act I, Scene III)
#ShakespeareSunday #Quotes
#TheHollowCrownPlays #RichardII
This #ShakespeareSunday theme involves #RichardII #play #quotes so for #England v. #Mexico #Fifa #WorldCup #football:
This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England.
2:1
Forget, forgive, conclude and be agreed: Richard II, A1S1, #ShakespeareSunday #RichardII #GilmoreGirls #LorelaiGilmore #RoryGilmore #GilmoreGirls25
John of Gaunt delivers a patriotic speech
"This royal throne of kings, this sceptered isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars..." 🏰🇬🇧👑📜
- Richard II, Act 2, Scene 1
🎥 https://t.co/GLcTWWQ1si
#ShakespeareSunday #TheHollowCrown
#RichardII
🎨Charming gardener costume sketches by #EdwinAustinAbbey for #RichardII’s Gardener 👨🏼🌾🌻 designed for Henry Irving’s 1898 planned production💛
"Let us be grateful to the people who make us happy; they are the charming gardeners who make our souls blossom." - Marcel Proust
#thankfulthursday #begrateful #peoplemakethedifference #positiveenergy #marcelproust #christophersamaan
From time to time I go back to this awesome play, because I like #RichardII, especially the version played by #DavidTennant - if you haven't watched it yet, I strongly recommend it!
#RichardBordeaux #Shakespeare
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