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Please like my new animation video documentary about the extinct dodo, its life, ecology and extinction in YouTube:
https://t.co/lKEHR6MB85
The dodo
The #dodo #Raphus #cucullatus (#Columbidae), lived on #Mauritius exclusively and was first discovered during a #Dutchexpedition in 1598. This #flightless, #groundnesting #bird died out by 1690 i.a. due to introduced #predators, as it lacked defensive #behavior. A research project aims to recreate it based on its and the genome of its closest living relative. D. Angst et al. (2017) reconstructed #ecological aspects from #bonehistology studies. The #grounddwelling bird dodo, #extinct by about 1690 on the island Mauritius had a size of about 1 meter, a weight of about 17 kg and a beak of 23 cm. The 2017 study above found due to bone morphology details that it was breeding in August and that chicks were fast growing to reach a larger size, before the austral summer began.
Why did it die out?
The dodo, which native found to Mauritius only, must therefore be classified as an #endemic species. Endemic species are particularly vulnerable to changes in their ecosystems. They are generally highly threatened with extinction. In the case of the dodo, its demise was undoubtedly due to the fact that it had no natural predators to fear, and presumably no serious competitors for food. Consequently, it lacked effective defense mechanisms, although it has been reported that it occasionally used its distinctive beak in self-defense. It was the #domesticanimals introduced by humans from around 1600 onwards, such as monkeys and #pigs, that decimated the dodo population. Introduced #rats also became detrimental to the dodo population. The aforementioned animal groups could act both as predators of the dodo, for example by eating its eggs and young, and as competitors for food. Unlike rats and domestic pigs, dodos were #herbivores with a preference for #fruit, such as palm fruit. They were therefore at a disadvantage compared to omnivores. However, #humans not only indirectly influenced the dodo’s extinction but also directly. They #captured the birds, which offered no resistance, and used them as live #foodsupplies on their voyages, even though their meat was not considered palatable. Furthermore, recent discoveries have also provided evidence that a #naturaldisaster further decimated parts of the dodo population. As vertebrates, and thus also birds, usually have parasites, this needs also to be assumed for the dodo, although a direct scientific indication from dodo remnants is not known. #Parasites, such as #roundworms and #featherlice, can harm or at least weaken a #population, especially an isolated one.
My #animations
I see interesting possibilities and future perspectives in the increasingly sophisticated use of #AI for creating meaningful animated #reconstructions. Pictures, which acted as frames for the subsequent animations, were created based on my hand-sketched #storyboards and were later hand edited. Both, pictures and video sequences, were in most parts created with Adobe #Firefly. Video editing was performed via Adobe Premiere. I composed #soundeffects and #score using various AI options, for example MyEdit.
The dodo in #literature
The dodo plays an important role in #Lewis #Carroll's "#Alice in #Wonderland", where it has a leading role for the animals, with which Alice stranded in the Pool of Tears. It is assumed that the dodo is a literary self-portrait of Lewis Carroll himself.
© #StefanFWirth, Berlin 2025/April 2026
I very much and urgently depend on your support, as almost all I work mostly for free:
https://t.co/4nN4eRHB6I
Reference:
D. Angst et al. (2017):
https://t.co/ASge7qQIyI
Illustrations:
Dodos in two perspectives, sailors in the 17th century capturing a dodo, and a view towards Mauritius: AI assisted illustrations, based on my hand made storyboard, manually edited, © Stefan F. Wirth, 2025/2026

ڈوڈو (Dodo)
ڈوڈو ایک انتہائی عجیب و غریب پرندہ ہوا کرتا تھا جو جزائر ماریشیئس میں پایا جاتا تھا۔ یہ عجیب و غریب پرندہ اب ناپید ہوچکا ہے۔ ماریشیئس کے جزائر مڈغاسکر کے جزیرے کے مشرق میں بحر ہند میں واقع ہیں جو اس پرندے کا مسکن ہوا کرتا تھے۔ اس کا سائنسی نام #Raphus cucullatus تھا۔
ماریشیئس کے جزائر پر سب سے پہلے عرب تاجر 1507 میں اور پھر پرتگالی 1513 میں پہنچے لیکن ان دونوں نے وہاں سکونت اختیار نہیں کی۔ ولندیزیوں (ہالینڈ کے رہنے والوں) نے 1598 میں ماریشیئس کے جزائر کو اپنی تحویل میں لے لیا۔
یورپیوں نے ان جزائر پر اپنی آمد پر یہاں ایک عجیب و غریب پرندہ دیکھا جو انسانوں کو دیکھ کر زیادہ بھاگ نہیں سکتا تھا۔ اس وجہ سے یہ ان لوگوں کا آسان شکار بن گیا۔ انہوں نے کچھ ڈوڈو پکڑ کر یورپ بھی بھجوائے جہاں یہ اپنی عجیب و غریب ہیئت کے باعث لوگوں کی توجہ کا مرکز بنے۔ ایک تحقیق کے مطابق ڈوڈو کا گوشت زیادہ مزے دار نہیں تھا کیونکہ اس میں چربی بہت ہوا کرتی تھی۔ لیکن اس بات کا پتہ لگتے لگتے بہت سے ڈوڈو شکار ہوگئے۔ اس کے علاوہ یورپی لوگوں کی ان جزائر پر آمد کے ساتھ ہی بحری جہازوں کے ذریعے چوہے، بلی اور کتے بھی ان جزائر پر پہنچ گئے۔ ڈوڈو نے اپنی زندگی میں کبھی کوئی شکاری نہیں دیکھا تھا لہذا وہ ان سے بچنے کا فن نہیں جانتے تھے۔ یورپی لوگوں نے ان عجیب و غریب پرندوں کا اتنی تیزی سے شکار کیا کہ چند دہائیوں میں ہی یہ پرندہ صفحہ ہستی سے مٹ گیا اور رہتی دنیا کیلئے بس ایک یاد بن گیا۔ ڈوڈو کا صفحہ ہستی سے مٹنا اتنا غیر یقینی ہے کہ اس واقعے کو بہت سے محاوروں میں بھی استعمال کیا جاتا ہے جیسا کہ ایک انگریزی محاورہ ہے کہ:
As dead as the dodo
آج ماریشیئس کے جزائر دنیا کے مہنگی ترین پکنک سپاٹس میں سے ایک ہیں لیکن بہت کم لوگ جانتے ہیں کہ یہ جزائر کبھی اس خوبصورت پرندے کا مسکن رہے۔

Le #MNHN (Paris) vient de reconstituer et expose un couple de #dodos, ces #oiseaux disparus depuis près de 4 siècles.
D. Angst, #paléontologue spécialiste de géochimie et d'oiseaux, explique les difficultés à les étudier.
#Raphus #Raphuscucullatus
https://t.co/2ZxLvzReXS
Redibujo basado en una imagen de reddit de un dodo el cual fue clonado pero sus muestras fueron contaminadas con ADN humano al parecer.
#dodo #deextincion #raphus

What do we know about the appearance of the #Dodo in life? Thanks to preserved specimens, images made when it was alive, and modern study of its remains... quite a lot. A review of our knowledge: https://t.co/GVW3jsmCEQ #extinctanimals #birds #pigeons #Raphus
Head over to @instagram to check out this stunning #birdart from #Raphus #bird2speak. We love how people are connecting to the #FOTO expedition, coming up with creative ways to tell the story, DM us with your creative ideas #TogetherWeFly #FlightOfheOsprey https://t.co/a3TNTikhMA

@crow_artist @WarriorMeek Thanks :) Most information is compiled here... https://t.co/GVW3jsEe3q #dodo #extinctbirds #extinctanimals #Raphus
#illustration #paleoart #dodo #raphus #bird #columbiformes #raphidae https://t.co/yryZ5tZ8kG #sauropsida
#Workinprogress underpainting for #Raphus cucullatus, more commonly known as the #Dodo.
#wip #bird #pigeon #holocene #paleo #paleontology #paleoart #sciart #naturalhistory #extinctanimals #digitalart #digitalillustration #illustration #art #maineart #science #artistsontwitter


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