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#ISRO to showcase the capabilities of an entirely Indian-built electric propulsion system.
The system will be integrated into the Technology Demonstration Satellite (#TDS01) for its launch.
ISRO will demonstrate Stationary Plasma Thruster (#SPT), which is a type of Hall-effect ion thruster that uses electric and magnetic fields to accelerate and confine electrically charged ions. SPT thrusters are used to stabilize satellites in the North-South Station Keeping (#NSSK)
Benefits of Electric Propulsion
1. Enhanced Efficiency: Electric propulsion, particularly SPT thrusters, offers significantly higher specific impulse compared to traditional chemical propulsion systems. This translates to a substantial reduction in fuel consumption for the same thrust, making missions more cost-effective.
2. Lighter Satellites: The superior efficiency of electric propulsion enables the construction of lighter satellites for a given payload capacity. This not only decreases launch costs but also provides greater flexibility in mission design. For instance, a 4-tonne satellite typically requires 2-2.5 tonnes of fuel with chemical propulsion. In contrast, electric propulsion reduces this fuel requirement to a mere 200 kg.
Limitations of Electric Propulsion
While electric propulsion offers numerous advantages, it also has certain limitations:
1. Lower Thrust: Compared to chemical propulsion systems, electric propulsion generates lower thrust. This results in longer transfer times to reach desired orbits. For example, a satellite may take nearly three months to reach geostationary orbit using electric propulsion, whereas chemical propulsion can achieve this in about a week.
Present Fleet :
ISRO previously demonstrated an electric propulsion system in 2017, but the thruster was imported.
Presently ISRO is working on the following variants:
300mN SPT -
Thrust: 300mN
Specific impulse: 1700 sec
Thruster efficiency: >50%
Thruster life: 5000 hours
Power: 5kW
75mN SPT -
Thrust: 75mN
Specific impulse: 2000 sec
Thruster efficiency: >45%
Thruster life: 4000 hours
Power: 1.55kW
18mN SPT-
Thrust: 18mN
Specific impulse: 1490 sec
Thruster efficiency: >35%
Thruster life: 3000 hours

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