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Study Links Thumb Length to Brain Size and Cognition A new study shows that primates with longer thumbs tend to have larger brains, suggesting that dexterity and intelligence evolved together. By examining 94 species, researchers discovered that longer thumbs were linked not to motor regions like the cerebellum but to the neocortex, the area of the brain involved in cognition and consciousness. Even when humans were excluded from the data, the correlation remained strong, pointing to a deep evolutionary connection across primates. The findings suggest that improved hand skills may have driven brain expansion over millions of years.