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A recent study has indicated that LUCA was not only present at least 4.2 billion years ago, but had an unexpectedly complex genome. "LUCA wasn’t some rudimentary organism it possessed a genome encoding approximately 2,657 proteins in a ~2.75 Mb genome (comparable to modern prokaryotes) this is unexpected because the popular consensus held that early life was far simpler" "at a cellular level, this paper posits the following for LUCA: •Ribosomes for protein synthesis. •ATP synthase for energy production. •Likely a phospholipid membrane. •Evidence of an early immune system akin to CRISPR-Cas mechanisms." This was just a three hundred million years after the earth formed, basically as soon as it became habitable.