Top Tweets for #rhacodes

almost 3 years ago

The #mushroom #Chlorophyllum #rhacodes Vittadini, 1835 (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota ) is also called #shaggyparasol. Originally the #epithet was written by the #describer of the #species: rachodes. This conceals a spelling mistake, since the term is derived from the Greek word #rhakos for "piece of cloth". The Index Fungorum sticks to Vittadini's spelling. According to the current nomenclature code for plants and fungi, however, the epithet "rhacodes" must be used (§60 Ex. 2). Personally, I do not value such conflicts very much, as I am persuaded that a species describer does not need to know ancient Greek or Latin, and that an epithet should be used as it can be read in the #speciesdescription. This is common practice, for example with beetles of the genus Nicrophorus Fabricius, 1775, although Necrophorus would actually be the correct spelling. Therefore, for example in my redescription of the #mite species Histiostoma ovalis (#Histiostomatidae, Astigmata), I have retained the incorrect declension of the epithet in the original description. However, two other authors have meanwhile carried out a renaming, as a result of which the species is now called H. ovale. From my point of view, such taxonomic behavior leads to avoidable confusion in the #literature. However, #biological information are usually more interesting than essentially redundant taxonomic formalities such as those described above. Although C. rhacodes is an #edible #fungus, it is also a member of a #cryptic #speciesgroup and can therefore not always be clearly identified morphologically. Caution should always be exercised when consuming mushrooms with the potential for misidentification. Chlorophyllum rhacodes forms a species #complex with C. olivieri and C. brunneum with these species looking very similar and could be identified as 3 independent species by molecular genetic studies (E. C. Vellinga et al. 2003). They are all grouped together under the trivial name Shaggy parasol. All three species are edible. In the case of cryptic species complexes, however, there is always the possibility of the existence of other species that have not yet been identified, for which of course no information on edibility is then available. However, shaggy parasols are also officially not suitable for beginners, since the early development stages of the fruiting bodies can be confused with those of unrelated, poisonous mushrooms. C. rhacodes prefers #nutrientrich and #nitrogen-rich #soils and is rather common in #parks. I photographed the specimen here in the #Rehberge park in #Berlin. Unambiguous identification is difficult for the reasons mentioned. However, additional AI determination tools additionally referred to C. rhacodes according to my photos of different specimens nearby to each other. Of course, I do not recommend consumption on such a basis. Incidentally, when the #fruiting bodies of #fungi, especially #Basidiomycota, begin to die off and decompose, an interesting #ephemeral (short-lived) small-scale #habitat is created in which #phoretic #mites and nematodes in particular can find suitable living conditions. A mite species known from such fungi is, for example, #Histiostoma #sapromyzarum (#Astigmata). Their exact occurrence and the biodiversity of related species on mushrooms has not yet been sufficiently investigated. It is also not known whether mites of the Histiostomatidae, which actually bring their own fungal spores for rearing later their own #food fungus, also do so here in view of the already fungal habitat. © #StefanFWirth Berlin 2023 Sources Paper about the #phylogenetic situation in the Chlorophyllum rhacodes complex: https://t.co/jq05clRn8Z

wirthstef's tweet photo. The #mushroom #Chlorophyllum #rhacodes Vittadini, 1835 (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota ) is also called #shaggyparasol. Originally the #epithet was written by the #describer of the #species: rachodes. This conceals a spelling mistake, since the term is derived from the Greek word #rhakos for "piece of cloth". The Index Fungorum sticks to Vittadini's spelling. According to the current nomenclature code for plants and fungi, however, the epithet "rhacodes" must be used (§60 Ex. 2). Personally, I do not value such conflicts very much, as I am persuaded that a species describer does not need to know ancient Greek or Latin, and that an epithet should be used as it can be read in the #speciesdescription. This is common practice, for example with beetles of the genus Nicrophorus Fabricius, 1775, although Necrophorus would actually be the correct spelling.

Therefore, for example in my redescription of the #mite species Histiostoma ovalis (#Histiostomatidae, Astigmata), I have retained the incorrect declension of the epithet in the original description. However, two other authors have meanwhile carried out a renaming, as a result of which the species is now called H. ovale. From my point of view, such taxonomic behavior leads to avoidable confusion in the #literature.

However, #biological information are usually more interesting than essentially redundant taxonomic formalities such as those described above. Although C. rhacodes is an #edible #fungus, it is also a member of a #cryptic #speciesgroup and can therefore not always be clearly identified morphologically. Caution should always be exercised when consuming mushrooms with the potential for misidentification.

Chlorophyllum rhacodes forms a species #complex with C. olivieri and C. brunneum with these species looking very similar and could be identified as 3 independent species by molecular genetic studies (E. C. Vellinga et al. 2003). They are all grouped together under the trivial name Shaggy parasol. All three species are edible. In the case of cryptic species complexes, however, there is always the possibility of the existence of other species that have not yet been identified, for which of course no information on edibility is then available. However, shaggy parasols are also officially not suitable for beginners, since the early development stages of the fruiting bodies can be confused with those of unrelated, poisonous mushrooms.

C. rhacodes prefers #nutrientrich and #nitrogen-rich #soils and is rather common in #parks. I photographed the specimen here in the #Rehberge park in #Berlin. Unambiguous identification is difficult for the reasons mentioned. However, additional AI determination tools additionally referred to C. rhacodes according to my photos of different specimens nearby to each other. Of course, I do not recommend consumption on such a basis.

Incidentally, when the #fruiting bodies of #fungi, especially #Basidiomycota, begin to die off and decompose, an interesting #ephemeral (short-lived) small-scale #habitat is created in which #phoretic #mites and nematodes in particular can find suitable living conditions. A mite species known from such fungi is, for example, #Histiostoma #sapromyzarum (#Astigmata). Their exact occurrence and the biodiversity of related species on mushrooms has not yet been sufficiently investigated. It is also not known whether mites of the Histiostomatidae, which actually bring their own fungal spores for rearing later their own #food fungus, also do so here in view of the already fungal habitat.

© #StefanFWirth Berlin 2023

Sources

Paper about the #phylogenetic situation in the Chlorophyllum rhacodes complex:
https://t.co/jq05clRn8Z

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