Top Tweets for #stemspecies

almost 3 years ago

#Wars today and in early human #evolution and #conscription discussions in #Germany. Today's wars are nothing more than retained #apelike behavioral patterns, an evolutionary almost unchanged legacy of our common #stemspecies ancestor with the #chimpanzees. But what do we actually know about #belligerence in chimpanzees? The common chimpanzee #Pan #troglodytes and the #bonobo Pan #paniscus (#Hominidae, Hominoidea) form a sister clade with each other. Both species together are the extant sister group of #Homo #sapiens (Hominidae, Hominoidea). There are indications that the bonobo is more derived from the last common sten species with P. troglodytes than the latter, e.g. due to the in #greatapes unusual #matriarchal social structure. Warlike conflicts generally relate to #territorial claims, but are also the result of individual striving for #power. In both these aspects the common chimpanzees resembles us humans more than bonobos. We humans are seemingly still caught in our archaic instincts. Homo sapiens exists since about 315 thousand years. Territorial conflicts, dynamic social changes and the endeavor to ascend in a #social #hierarchy persisted almost unchanged until today. How do common chimpanzees fight wars? A particularly impressive example was the #GombeChimpanzeeWar in the Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania from 1974 to 1978, which was documented by the primatologist Jane Godall. The large "#Kaskela group" and the smaller "#Kahama group" faced each other in rivalry. The reason for the increasing conflict was a #territory that the Kahama group claimed for itself. But since January 7, 1974, almost all members of the smaller clan paid for the rebellious quest for autonomy with their lives (video link below). S. Lemoine et al. (2020) explain, using long-term data from P. troglodytes groups, that #groupsize, the number of #males in the group and the willingness of group members to cooperate lead to larger territories and a larger group #dominance and reduce the pressure for conflict with neighboring groups. M. Surbeck et al. (2017) address the question of which #genders in common chimpanzees and bonobos are involved in cooperations during conflicts and whether this affects warfare. As a result, in P. troglodytes males form #alliances with their male counterparts when there is a violent conflict between neighboring groups. In bonobos, on the other hand, warfare conflicts tend to be avoided, and both males and females prefer to look for #female #allies, often their own mother, to resolve conflicts within a group. A. Sánchez-Amaro et al. (2017) examined how #cooperation works in stressful situations among human children, bonobos and common chimpanzees. In experiments with unequal rewards, which required the support of another individual, all were able to coordinate well with others. How it happens that P. troglodytes is nevertheless more warlike than its sister species was research topic of L R. Moscovice et al. (2022), who examined two neighboring bonobo groups. A two-month shift in the larger group's range for ecological reasons led to encounters with the smaller neighboring group. But competition and #tolerance strategies predominated here and rather not warfare. Humans act more like common chimpanzees by having a tendency towards little tolerance and belligerence, for example when Germany, which suspended general conscription in 2011, is now publicly discussing its reintroduction, because of the current war events in Eastern Europe and the Near East. © #StefanFWirth Berlin 2023 Sources: Video chimpanzee war "by YouTube channel "Top5 s" https://t.co/teVK6gz0aX S. Lemoine et al. (2020): https://t.co/MsTpHmZrR6 M. Surbeck et al. (2017): https://t.co/wi94zkOMDg A. Sánchez-Amaro et al. (2017): https://t.co/TIULKqPMnK L R. Moscovice et al. (2022): https://t.co/Y14pkD3moQ Photos: 1) my #oilpainting/canvas "battlefield in red", December 2023 2) Bonobo, Berlin Zoo 2022, Both: © Stefan F. Wirth

wirthstef's tweet photo. #Wars today and in early human #evolution and #conscription discussions in #Germany.

Today's wars are nothing more than retained #apelike behavioral patterns, an evolutionary almost unchanged legacy of our common #stemspecies ancestor with the #chimpanzees. But what do we actually know about #belligerence in chimpanzees?
The common chimpanzee #Pan #troglodytes and the #bonobo Pan #paniscus (#Hominidae, Hominoidea) form a sister clade with each other. Both species together are the extant sister group of #Homo #sapiens (Hominidae, Hominoidea). There are indications that the bonobo is more derived from the last common sten species with P. troglodytes than the latter, e.g. due to the in #greatapes unusual #matriarchal social structure. Warlike conflicts generally relate to #territorial claims, but are also the result of individual striving for #power. In both these aspects the common chimpanzees resembles us humans more than bonobos.

We humans are seemingly still caught in our archaic instincts.
Homo sapiens exists since about 315 thousand years.
Territorial conflicts, dynamic social changes and the endeavor to ascend in a #social #hierarchy persisted almost unchanged until today.

How do common chimpanzees fight wars? A particularly impressive example was the #GombeChimpanzeeWar in the Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania from 1974 to 1978, which was documented by the primatologist Jane Godall.
The large "#Kaskela group" and the smaller "#Kahama group" faced each other in rivalry. The reason for the increasing conflict was a #territory that the Kahama group claimed for itself. But since January 7, 1974, almost all members of the smaller clan paid for the rebellious quest for autonomy with their lives (video link below).

S. Lemoine et al. (2020) explain, using long-term data from P. troglodytes groups, that #groupsize, the number of #males in the group and the willingness of group members to cooperate lead to larger territories and a larger group #dominance and reduce the pressure for conflict with neighboring groups. M. Surbeck et al. (2017) address the question of which #genders in common chimpanzees and bonobos are involved in cooperations during conflicts and whether this affects warfare. As a result, in P. troglodytes males form #alliances with their male counterparts when there is a violent conflict between neighboring groups. In bonobos, on the other hand, warfare conflicts tend to be avoided, and both males and females prefer to look for #female #allies, often their own mother, to resolve conflicts within a group.

A. Sánchez-Amaro et al. (2017) examined how #cooperation works in stressful situations among human children, bonobos and common chimpanzees. In experiments with unequal rewards, which required the support of another individual, all were able to coordinate well with others.
How it happens that P. troglodytes is nevertheless more warlike than its sister species was research topic of L R. Moscovice et al. (2022), who examined two neighboring bonobo groups. A two-month shift in the larger group's range for ecological reasons led to encounters with the smaller neighboring group. But competition and #tolerance strategies predominated here and rather not warfare.

Humans act more like common chimpanzees by having a tendency towards little tolerance and belligerence, for example when Germany, which suspended general conscription in 2011, is now publicly discussing its reintroduction, because of the current war events in Eastern Europe and the Near East.

© #StefanFWirth Berlin 2023

Sources:

Video chimpanzee war "by YouTube channel "Top5 s"
https://t.co/teVK6gz0aX

S. Lemoine et al. (2020):
https://t.co/MsTpHmZrR6

M. Surbeck et al. (2017):
https://t.co/wi94zkOMDg

A. Sánchez-Amaro et al. (2017):
https://t.co/TIULKqPMnK

L R. Moscovice et al. (2022):
https://t.co/Y14pkD3moQ

Photos:

1) my #oilpainting/canvas "battlefield in red", December 2023
2) Bonobo, Berlin Zoo 2022,
Both: © Stefan F. Wirth

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