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[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

1. FGM has been universally confirmed to be a harmful practice that does no one any good. Instead, the pain and suffering it bestows on our women and girls and by extension the society is incalculable. #Endcuttinggirls

[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

2. Many a time, emphasis is on the long-term complications of FGM which affects women’s physical, mental and sexual health and well-being throughout the life-course. This is no doubt an important fact. #Endcuttinggirls

[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

3. In the short term, however, the process of removal and injuring of healthy and normal female genital tissue which is what FGM is all about interferes with the natural functions of girls' & women's bodies leading to immediate consequences with chances of death #Endcuttinggirls

[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

4. It therefore implies that it takes the survival of the immediate negative implications of FGM first to be able to live to tell the story and as well grapple with the long term consequences of the harmful practice. #Endcuttinggirls

[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

5. For the above reason, we are dedicating today’s episode of our weekly #Endcuttinggirls conference to understanding and reminiscing on the immediate negative health implications of FGM.

[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

6. My name is Charles Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER your anchor for today. This conference will last for two hours as always on Thursdays 5-7pm. Feel free to send in your questions and contributions any moment from 6.45pm #Endcuttinggirls

[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

7. In case today is the first time you are joining us, FGM stands for ‘’Female Genital Mutilation.” #Endcuttinggirls

[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

8. FGM refers to any procedure that involves “partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or any other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.” #Endcuttinggirls

[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

9. Many different forms of FGM are practiced across cultures. FGM typically includes all procedures that involve the partial or total removal of external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. #Endcuttinggirls

[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

10. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified FGM into four types, all of which are practiced in Nigeria. They include: #Endcuttinggirls

[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

11a. FGM Type 1 is defined as the partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or the prepuce (Clitoridectomy). #Endcuttinggirls

[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

11b. The subgroups of Type 1 FGM are: type 1a, removal of the clitoral hood or prepuce only; type 1b, removal of the clitoris with the prepuce. #Endcuttinggirls

[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

12a. FGM Type 2 entails the partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora (excision). #Endcuttinggirls

[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

12b. Subgroups of Type II FGM are: type 2a, removal of the labia minora only; type 2b, partial or total removal of the clitoris and labia minora; type 2c, partial or total removal of the clitoris, labia minora and labia majora. #Endcuttinggirls

[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

13a. FGM Type 3 involves the narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and appositioning the labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without excision of the clitoris (infibulation). #Endcuttinggirls

[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

13b. Subgroups of Type III FGM are: type IIIa, removal and apposition of the labia minora; type IIIb, removal and apposition of the labia majora. #Endcuttinggirls

[Charles E. Ugwu @CHARLES_CLEVER]

14a. FGM Type 4 is also known as unclassified and involves all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for nonmedical purposes, for example, pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization. #Endcuttinggirls

[Victoria Okorie-Duru @thefertilitybos]

20. Efforts to end FGM have been embraced by governments, regional and sub regional bodies, media at all levels, and increasingly civil society and social movements. #Endcuttinggirls @Endcuttinggirls

[Victoria Okorie-Duru @thefertilitybos]

19. Nigeria topping the list by absolute values of FGM cases can also be traced to the economic devaluation of several girls and women as well as the economy of Nigeria at large. #Endcuttinggirls

[Victoria Okorie-Duru @thefertilitybos]

18. While the practice of FGM isn’t limited to Nigeria, the country has the highest absolute number of FGM cases in the world according to a report by UNICEF. #Endcuttinggirls @Endcuttinggirls