Overall, this is a monumental amount of work and just the tip of the iceberg for what @SMaHTnetwork will do next!
Links to all papers are here!
Commentary: https://t.co/38x4q5cK6n
Preprint: https://t.co/kVLMGxNPUM
Benchmarking: https://t.co/QTAHtqWZgg 11/n
3. For structural variants and mobile elements, read length beats depth
At ~60X, long reads caught ~80% of SVs at 5-20% VAF vs ~30% for short reads 8/n
The surprise: somatic epimutations.
Fiber-seq found heritable, haplotype-specific chromatin changes with no change in DNA sequence
In one line they outnumbered somatic SNVs ~20-fold, and many look clonal 10/n
2. The reference genome is the wrong genome
A near-T2T donor-specific assembly recovered 343 Mb missing from GRCh38, and 16% of somatic SNVs fell in those regions
Pangenome-based assemblies are a cheaper middle ground 7/n
1. Deeper isn't always better
~300X is needed to catch variants below 2% VAF
Sequencing deeper didn't improve detection much, but sequencing several tissues at moderate depth beat one tissue at >1200X 6/n
For the people who like the nitty-gritty, across the 17 papers (several published @CellCellPress and @CellGenomics), there were four major lessons: 5/n
Dozens of technologies and tools were benchmarked to find the best way detect this mosaicism that is found within us all, with the main paper published @CellCellPress today 2/n
Many questions are now open:
How much "Mendelian" disease is missed by early mosaicism?
Do epimutations drive clonal expansion? Does somatic mosaicism drive aging?
Through this work, we now have the more tools to begin to uncover these answers 4/n
In a recent preprint from the group, these tools have now been applied across 20 tissues from 25 donors, to see where variants were found and if they was consistent across tissues
tldr: they're not 3/n
Not two cells in our body have exactly the same DNA, making us all genetic mosaics! @SMaHTnetwork is trying to understanding what this mosaicism is doing
Excited to say that our commentary @Goodell_Lab "The Silent Variation Within Us" about SMaHT's first papers is out now! 1/n