A man with diabetes on insulin kept waking up around 2 to 3 am with sweating and trembling.
By morning, his glucose levels were even higher.
Reason?
Should his insulin dose be increased or reduced?
Ice-cream headache is best described as: ?❓ #MedX ?
A. Tension-type headache
B. Sphenopalatine ganglioneuralgia
C. Cluster headache variant
D. Migraine with aura
💊NAPLEX MedFact.
Drugs used in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis:
1⃣Pirfenidone
Pirfenidone works by inhibiting transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling. This reduces fibroblast activation and excessive collagen deposition.
Side effects include GI disturbances, photosensitivity, and elevated liver enzymes.
2⃣Nintedanib - acts by targeting multiple pro-fibrotic pathways including PDGF, FGF, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). By inhibiting these growth factors, it effectively reduces fibroblast recruitment and extracellular matrix deposition, slowing fibrosis progression.
Side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, hepatotoxicity, and an increased risk of bleeding.
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🍲Both pirfenidone and nintedanib are recommended to be taken after meals to minimize their high rate of GI side effects (even though this reduces absorption).
💊Setrons
Setrons are drugs that act as serotonin receptor antagonists, specifically targeting the 5-HT3 receptors. These receptors are located in the central and peripheral nervous systems and play a key role in nausea and vomiting pathways.
By blocking these receptors, setrons such as ondansetron, granisetron, and palonosetron, are effective in preventing and treating nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery.
Here, we review some of the key details you need to know about this drug class.
#pharmacology #medicine #pharmacy #setrons