Lugo in Spain is wild!
It’s literally the only city on Earth still fully wrapped in its original Roman walls.
A 2.1 km ring from the 3rd century, with dozens of surviving towers still circling the historic center.
The most imposing depictions of Ottoman Empire you're ever going to find on screen can be found in Romanian movies filmed during communist times.
A compilation of clips of Ottoman army invading from the movie Stephen the Great - Vaslui 1475 (1975), featuring thousands of extras.
Cum Patientia, that is, with patience.
This early 17th-century emblem tells us that patience isn't just about waiting, but about preserving a bond in the face of hardship (depicted by fire).
I took the image from an emblem in the third volume of Jacob Typot’s book, published between 1601 and 1603. The work was part of early modern Europe's culture of reflecting on symbols, mottos, and moral ideas.
The serpent ring (usually called the ouroboros today) is associated with the ideas of cycles, continuity, and a closed bond in ancient and early modern symbolic language.
Here, it isn't just decorative. It's the philosophical framework of the scene.
The ouroboros encloses the hands and the fire in a closed loop. This tells us that patience isn't a one-time response. In other words, a person returns to the same test of patience over and over again.
Early modern emblem books generally worked with three elements: a short motto, an image, and an explanatory text.
The phrase 'Cum Patientia' is also familiar in the world of Christian Latin texts. In the Vulgate, Ephesians 4:2 mentions humility, gentleness, and patience together: cum patientia.
In fiction evil is often written to have depth and complexity while good is written to be simple and boring. But in real life evil is boring and predictable while good is complex and unique every single time.
Medio minuto en tiempo record. Normalmente un disparo por minuto. El problema real era el calentamiento del cañón - debían parar para refrescarlos con cueros empapados en vinagre - y el obturamiento del cañón por restos de pólvora sin quemar - para eso estaba el rascador.