chaihwee

[Andrew Ng @AndrewYNg]

The buzz over DeepSeek this week crystallized, for many people, a few important trends that have been happening in plain sight: (i) China is catching up to the U.S. in generative AI, with implications for the AI supply chain. (ii) Open weight models are commoditizing the foundation-model layer, which creates opportunities for application builders. (iii) Scaling up isn’t the only path to AI progress. Despite the massive focus on and hype around processing power, algorithmic innovations are rapidly pushing down training costs.

About a week ago, DeepSeek, a company based in China, released DeepSeek-R1, a remarkable model whose performance on benchmarks is comparable to OpenAI’s o1. Further, it was released as an open weight model with a permissive MIT license. At Davos last week, I got a lot of questions about it from non-technical business leaders. And on Monday, the stock market saw a “DeepSeek selloff”: The share prices of Nvidia and a number of other U.S. tech companies plunged. (As of the time of writing, some have recovered somewhat.)

Here’s what I think DeepSeek has caused many people to realize:

China is catching up to the U.S. in generative AI. When ChatGPT was launched in November 2022, the U.S. was significantly ahead of China in generative AI. Impressions change slowly, and so even recently I heard friends in both the U.S. and China say they thought China was behind. But in reality, this gap has rapidly eroded over the past two years. With models from China such as Qwen (which my teams have used for months), Kimi, InternVL, and DeepSeek, China had clearly been closing the gap, and in areas such as video generation there were already moments where China seemed to be in the lead.

I’m thrilled that DeepSeek-R1 was released as an open weight model, with a technical report that shares many details. In contrast, a number of U.S. companies have pushed for regulation to stifle open source by hyping up hypothetical AI dangers such as human extinction. It is now clear that open source/open weight models are a key part of the AI supply chain: Many companies will use them. If the U.S. continues to stymie open source, China will come to dominate this part of the supply chain and many businesses will end up using models that reflect China’s values much more than America’s.

Open weight models are commoditizing the foundation-model layer. As I wrote previously, LLM token prices have been falling rapidly, and open weights have contributed to this trend and given developers more choice. OpenAI’s o1 costs $60 per million output tokens; DeepSeek R1 costs $2.19. This nearly 30x difference brought the trend of falling prices to the attention of many people.

The business of training foundation models and selling API access is tough. Many companies in this area are still looking for a path to recouping the massive cost of model training. Sequoia’s article “AI’s $600B Question” lays out the challenge well (but, to be clear, I think the foundation model companies are doing great work, and I hope they succeed). In contrast, building applications on top of foundation models presents many great business opportunities. Now that others have spent billions training such models, you can access these models for mere dollars to build customer service chatbots, email summarizers, AI doctors, legal document assistants, and much more.

Scaling up isn’t the only path to AI progress. There’s been a lot of hype around scaling up models as a way to drive progress. To be fair, I was an early proponent of scaling up models. A number of companies raised billions of dollars by generating buzz around the narrative that, with more capital, they could (i) scale up and (ii) predictably drive improvements. Consequently, there has been a huge focus on scaling up, as opposed to a more nuanced view that gives due attention to the many different ways we can make progress. Driven in part by the U.S. AI chip embargo, the DeepSeek team had to innovate on many optimizations to run on less-capable H800 GPUs rather than H100s, leading ultimately to a model trained (omitting research costs) for under $6M of compute.

It remains to be seen if this will actually reduce demand for compute. Sometimes making each unit of a good cheaper can result in more dollars in total going to buy that good. I think the demand for intelligence and compute has practically no ceiling over the long term, so I remain bullish that humanity will use more intelligence even as it gets cheaper.

I saw many different interpretations of DeepSeek’s progress here in X, as if it was a Rorschach test that allowed many people to project their own meaning onto it. I think DeepSeek-R1 has geopolitical implications that are yet to be worked out. And it’s also great for AI application builders. My team has already been brainstorming ideas that are newly possible only because we have easy access to an open advanced reasoning model. This continues to be a great time to build!

[Original text: https://t.co/yiOHeGJgLZ ]

[Historic Vids @historyinmemes]

Pavel Durov (Founder of Telegram): Before vs. After $15 Billion

[John Kim @0xjohnkim]

Stripe is minting founders.

Patrick & John Collison didn't just build a payment processor – they launched a talent incubator.

25+ startups. $2B+ raised. And at least 5 ex-Stripe founders also started companies with their siblings!

Let’s look at what they’ve built. 🧵

[chaihwee @lexhwee]

@radixdt #jetty

[MEW @mew]

…loading
@Locus_Studios 👀

$mew
📍🐕🌎✨

[Rohan Paul @rohanpaul_ai]

Github code of the bot - https://t.co/yW4iJBEQBN

[chaihwee @lexhwee]

another classic book found on Amazon that I received today.

@GuyKawasaki by the way, the free download links you put on your web site - https://t.co/Wxc1x87CPT both URLs are no longer working

[Library Mindset @librarymindset]

36 Books To Master 6 Skills

[chaihwee @lexhwee]

Bought from the online second bookshop and just received the books at my door steps

@GuyKawasaki

[chaihwee @lexhwee]

Switching to Gomo, I hope it is really 5G connection all the time.

[Roni Rahman @heyronir]

Looking for a side hustle?

Check out these 10 websites to make $500 to $5000/m from home:

Bookmark for later 🔖

[Thomas Wolf @Thom_Wolf]

The progressive rise of open (source/access) AI models back from the ashes in 2023

This will be remembered as one of the most remarkable change in the AI field of our year

[Stripe Press @stripepress]

“Spend each day trying to be a little wiser than you were when you woke up.” —Charlie Munger

Poor Charlie’s Almanack is out today. You can read and listen to the new edition online, for free, at https://t.co/UaMFvvvTMH

[Linus ✦ Ekenstam @LinusEkenstam]

This is unacceptable, should not be possible

Made possible by @_nonfigurativ_

[Yann LeCun @ylecun]

A reminder that people can disagree about important things but still be good friends.

[Sundar Pichai @sundarpichai]

Happy 25th birthday @Google! 🎂 Thanks to everyone who uses our products and challenges us to keep innovating and to all Googlers!

[Walter Isaacson @WalterIsaacson]

Here’s a first look at the back cover, which I decided should be of Starship. The book is now available for pre-order on Amazon and elsewhere.

[chaihwee @lexhwee]

https://t.co/A9scnGogHA

Certainly looking forward to this, but I really hope @WalterIsaacson can write a book about Nikola Tesla