![mytheoz's tweet photo. NKRUMAH FOUNDED MODERN GHANA
============================
EXCERPTS FROM CHAPTER 10 (PAGES 162-202) OF “GHANA: THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE, 1919-1957” BY F. M. BOURRET (PUBLISHED IN 1960)
1. Bourret states on page 162 of his book "Ghana: The Road to Independence, 1919-1957” that of “all the steps taken towards the goal of political autonomy during this period, the MOST NOTABLE, however, was THE 1946 [BURNS] CONSTITUTION with its provision for a clear African majority on the legislative council and for a legislative union between the Colony and Ashanti.”
2. Ashanti had always preferred a FEDERAL STATE/REPUBLIC since the 1940s. Sir Frederick Bourne's report in 1955 advised against federation as being unsuitable for so small a country but recommended dilution of power to regional assemblies.
3. The 1946 constitution failed after the 1948 riots – a developing wage-earning class mobilised politically and socially. Scarcely a year after the inauguration of the 1946 constitution, certain groups were dissatisfied and, in August 1947, set up the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC). Its members, under the direction of Mr George Grant- and Dr Danquah, were drawn from the upper middle class, mostly lawyers and merchants…The UGCC members [mostly elites] wanted self-government at the “earliest opportunity” and thought/took it for granted that “they would retain their leadership as the country advanced towards independence.”
4. But this all changed when Dr Kwame Nkrumah became the Secretary of the UGCC in December 1947. Late in 1947, one of the Accra subchiefs, Nii Bonne, began to organize a boycott campaign to force prices to be lowered. It started in January 1948, but it was difficult to get the people to obey its regulations. Finally, at the end of February, the Accra Chamber of Commerce agreed to reduce prices, and on the 28th, retail buying was resumed. On the same day, a group of ex-servicemen planned to hold a parade but were shot at, with 2 killed and about 5 others wounded at the Junction to Christianborg Castle.
5. The 1948 Watson Report recommended more autonomy for the Gold Coast. In January 1949, the government appointed an all-African committee under the chairmanship of the 55-year-old Sir. Henley Coussey. The 38 members included chiefs and people from all parts of the country, among them all of the 'Big Six' except Nkrumah. The group represented all sections of public opinion except the most radical. In other words, they wanted to dialogue with the moderates and not the likes of Nkrumah, who had become more radical in his approach at this time. Things might have been different had they included Nkrumah in the Coussey Committee.
6. The October 1949 Coussey Report became the basis of the 1951 Constitution. While the Coussey Report was welcomed by more moderate public opinion, it was CRITICIZED by radicals, especially by the Accra Evening News (Kwame Nkrumah's paper). NKRUMAH WANTED FULL DOMINION (INDEPENDENCE), NOT SEMI-INDEPENDENCE, as some of the moderates (including those in the UGCC elites camp) wanted.
7. UGCC folks felt Nkrumah betrayed them (page 173) by using his general secretary position to build a personal following. In September 1954, a new National Liberation Movement (N.L.M.) emerged in Ashanti over issues of cocoa prices afforded to farmers. There were a series of violent clashes between CCP and NLM members in 1954 and 1955. Many of the NLM leaders were ex-CPP members.
8. After the Togoland problem was settled via the plebiscite, the crucial general election required by Mr Lennox Boyd to ascertain whether the NKRUMAH INDEPENDENCE PROPOSALS were supported by a reasonable majority was announced for 12 and 17 July 1956. The election results were so significant that they satisfied the British Government to eventually grant independence to the new nation called Ghana.
9. The final draft of the 1957 constitution maintained a UNITARY STATE, although Nkrumah made some concessions to opposition demands (page 199). The new constitution was signed by HM Queen Elizabeth II on 2 February 1957.
10. Nkrumah is the founder of modern Ghana, although the name Ghana existed for several decades before going to Rev JM Anaman's days in the late 1890s. There was also even an opposition “Ghana Congress Party (GCP)”, which had been the leading opposition party under the 1951 constitution – this was the party of the UGCC, which represented the position of the Chiefs and other older intelligentsia. The records show that the opposition parties at the time wanted a semi-autonomous state and not the UNITARY REPUBLIC known as Ghana today. Yes, they played a role in fine-tuning the constitution and making other suggestions. However, the Ghana we know today would not have existed, but for Nkrumah's constant agitation for full independence and a unitary state, not a federal one. We can argue the merits of unitary vs federal, but we must stay true to the historical records.
MAIN REFERENCE
---Bourret, F. M. (1962). Ghana: The road to independence, 1919-1957. London: Oxford University Press. pp 160-202
NB: I've made Chapter 10 of the book available for download at https://t.co/KsDDpusy7k](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GUOSN5UWwAAJrD7.jpg)
![mytheoz's tweet photo. NKRUMAH FOUNDED MODERN GHANA
============================
EXCERPTS FROM CHAPTER 10 (PAGES 162-202) OF “GHANA: THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE, 1919-1957” BY F. M. BOURRET (PUBLISHED IN 1960)
1. Bourret states on page 162 of his book "Ghana: The Road to Independence, 1919-1957” that of “all the steps taken towards the goal of political autonomy during this period, the MOST NOTABLE, however, was THE 1946 [BURNS] CONSTITUTION with its provision for a clear African majority on the legislative council and for a legislative union between the Colony and Ashanti.”
2. Ashanti had always preferred a FEDERAL STATE/REPUBLIC since the 1940s. Sir Frederick Bourne's report in 1955 advised against federation as being unsuitable for so small a country but recommended dilution of power to regional assemblies.
3. The 1946 constitution failed after the 1948 riots – a developing wage-earning class mobilised politically and socially. Scarcely a year after the inauguration of the 1946 constitution, certain groups were dissatisfied and, in August 1947, set up the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC). Its members, under the direction of Mr George Grant- and Dr Danquah, were drawn from the upper middle class, mostly lawyers and merchants…The UGCC members [mostly elites] wanted self-government at the “earliest opportunity” and thought/took it for granted that “they would retain their leadership as the country advanced towards independence.”
4. But this all changed when Dr Kwame Nkrumah became the Secretary of the UGCC in December 1947. Late in 1947, one of the Accra subchiefs, Nii Bonne, began to organize a boycott campaign to force prices to be lowered. It started in January 1948, but it was difficult to get the people to obey its regulations. Finally, at the end of February, the Accra Chamber of Commerce agreed to reduce prices, and on the 28th, retail buying was resumed. On the same day, a group of ex-servicemen planned to hold a parade but were shot at, with 2 killed and about 5 others wounded at the Junction to Christianborg Castle.
5. The 1948 Watson Report recommended more autonomy for the Gold Coast. In January 1949, the government appointed an all-African committee under the chairmanship of the 55-year-old Sir. Henley Coussey. The 38 members included chiefs and people from all parts of the country, among them all of the 'Big Six' except Nkrumah. The group represented all sections of public opinion except the most radical. In other words, they wanted to dialogue with the moderates and not the likes of Nkrumah, who had become more radical in his approach at this time. Things might have been different had they included Nkrumah in the Coussey Committee.
6. The October 1949 Coussey Report became the basis of the 1951 Constitution. While the Coussey Report was welcomed by more moderate public opinion, it was CRITICIZED by radicals, especially by the Accra Evening News (Kwame Nkrumah's paper). NKRUMAH WANTED FULL DOMINION (INDEPENDENCE), NOT SEMI-INDEPENDENCE, as some of the moderates (including those in the UGCC elites camp) wanted.
7. UGCC folks felt Nkrumah betrayed them (page 173) by using his general secretary position to build a personal following. In September 1954, a new National Liberation Movement (N.L.M.) emerged in Ashanti over issues of cocoa prices afforded to farmers. There were a series of violent clashes between CCP and NLM members in 1954 and 1955. Many of the NLM leaders were ex-CPP members.
8. After the Togoland problem was settled via the plebiscite, the crucial general election required by Mr Lennox Boyd to ascertain whether the NKRUMAH INDEPENDENCE PROPOSALS were supported by a reasonable majority was announced for 12 and 17 July 1956. The election results were so significant that they satisfied the British Government to eventually grant independence to the new nation called Ghana.
9. The final draft of the 1957 constitution maintained a UNITARY STATE, although Nkrumah made some concessions to opposition demands (page 199). The new constitution was signed by HM Queen Elizabeth II on 2 February 1957.
10. Nkrumah is the founder of modern Ghana, although the name Ghana existed for several decades before going to Rev JM Anaman's days in the late 1890s. There was also even an opposition “Ghana Congress Party (GCP)”, which had been the leading opposition party under the 1951 constitution – this was the party of the UGCC, which represented the position of the Chiefs and other older intelligentsia. The records show that the opposition parties at the time wanted a semi-autonomous state and not the UNITARY REPUBLIC known as Ghana today. Yes, they played a role in fine-tuning the constitution and making other suggestions. However, the Ghana we know today would not have existed, but for Nkrumah's constant agitation for full independence and a unitary state, not a federal one. We can argue the merits of unitary vs federal, but we must stay true to the historical records.
MAIN REFERENCE
---Bourret, F. M. (1962). Ghana: The road to independence, 1919-1957. London: Oxford University Press. pp 160-202
NB: I've made Chapter 10 of the book available for download at https://t.co/KsDDpusy7k](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GUOSIElXQAA8Ryf.jpg)
![mytheoz's tweet photo. NKRUMAH FOUNDED MODERN GHANA
============================
EXCERPTS FROM CHAPTER 10 (PAGES 162-202) OF “GHANA: THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE, 1919-1957” BY F. M. BOURRET (PUBLISHED IN 1960)
1. Bourret states on page 162 of his book "Ghana: The Road to Independence, 1919-1957” that of “all the steps taken towards the goal of political autonomy during this period, the MOST NOTABLE, however, was THE 1946 [BURNS] CONSTITUTION with its provision for a clear African majority on the legislative council and for a legislative union between the Colony and Ashanti.”
2. Ashanti had always preferred a FEDERAL STATE/REPUBLIC since the 1940s. Sir Frederick Bourne's report in 1955 advised against federation as being unsuitable for so small a country but recommended dilution of power to regional assemblies.
3. The 1946 constitution failed after the 1948 riots – a developing wage-earning class mobilised politically and socially. Scarcely a year after the inauguration of the 1946 constitution, certain groups were dissatisfied and, in August 1947, set up the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC). Its members, under the direction of Mr George Grant- and Dr Danquah, were drawn from the upper middle class, mostly lawyers and merchants…The UGCC members [mostly elites] wanted self-government at the “earliest opportunity” and thought/took it for granted that “they would retain their leadership as the country advanced towards independence.”
4. But this all changed when Dr Kwame Nkrumah became the Secretary of the UGCC in December 1947. Late in 1947, one of the Accra subchiefs, Nii Bonne, began to organize a boycott campaign to force prices to be lowered. It started in January 1948, but it was difficult to get the people to obey its regulations. Finally, at the end of February, the Accra Chamber of Commerce agreed to reduce prices, and on the 28th, retail buying was resumed. On the same day, a group of ex-servicemen planned to hold a parade but were shot at, with 2 killed and about 5 others wounded at the Junction to Christianborg Castle.
5. The 1948 Watson Report recommended more autonomy for the Gold Coast. In January 1949, the government appointed an all-African committee under the chairmanship of the 55-year-old Sir. Henley Coussey. The 38 members included chiefs and people from all parts of the country, among them all of the 'Big Six' except Nkrumah. The group represented all sections of public opinion except the most radical. In other words, they wanted to dialogue with the moderates and not the likes of Nkrumah, who had become more radical in his approach at this time. Things might have been different had they included Nkrumah in the Coussey Committee.
6. The October 1949 Coussey Report became the basis of the 1951 Constitution. While the Coussey Report was welcomed by more moderate public opinion, it was CRITICIZED by radicals, especially by the Accra Evening News (Kwame Nkrumah's paper). NKRUMAH WANTED FULL DOMINION (INDEPENDENCE), NOT SEMI-INDEPENDENCE, as some of the moderates (including those in the UGCC elites camp) wanted.
7. UGCC folks felt Nkrumah betrayed them (page 173) by using his general secretary position to build a personal following. In September 1954, a new National Liberation Movement (N.L.M.) emerged in Ashanti over issues of cocoa prices afforded to farmers. There were a series of violent clashes between CCP and NLM members in 1954 and 1955. Many of the NLM leaders were ex-CPP members.
8. After the Togoland problem was settled via the plebiscite, the crucial general election required by Mr Lennox Boyd to ascertain whether the NKRUMAH INDEPENDENCE PROPOSALS were supported by a reasonable majority was announced for 12 and 17 July 1956. The election results were so significant that they satisfied the British Government to eventually grant independence to the new nation called Ghana.
9. The final draft of the 1957 constitution maintained a UNITARY STATE, although Nkrumah made some concessions to opposition demands (page 199). The new constitution was signed by HM Queen Elizabeth II on 2 February 1957.
10. Nkrumah is the founder of modern Ghana, although the name Ghana existed for several decades before going to Rev JM Anaman's days in the late 1890s. There was also even an opposition “Ghana Congress Party (GCP)”, which had been the leading opposition party under the 1951 constitution – this was the party of the UGCC, which represented the position of the Chiefs and other older intelligentsia. The records show that the opposition parties at the time wanted a semi-autonomous state and not the UNITARY REPUBLIC known as Ghana today. Yes, they played a role in fine-tuning the constitution and making other suggestions. However, the Ghana we know today would not have existed, but for Nkrumah's constant agitation for full independence and a unitary state, not a federal one. We can argue the merits of unitary vs federal, but we must stay true to the historical records.
MAIN REFERENCE
---Bourret, F. M. (1962). Ghana: The road to independence, 1919-1957. London: Oxford University Press. pp 160-202
NB: I've made Chapter 10 of the book available for download at https://t.co/KsDDpusy7k](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GUOSDwHWUAEl-8a.jpg)
Olivia
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Jacob Kingsley Amuah
@lilchisco
Communication Researcher || Social Media Strategist || Content Developer || Society & History || Football
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🚨| BREAKING: Speed takes a HUGE STEP beyond streaming with his FIRST EVER film as a producer “THE EYES OF GHANA” as its FIRST TRAILER officially drops
- The documentary follows Ghanaian cinematographer Chris Hesse as he attempts to SAVE over 1,000 historic films documenting Africa’s fight for INDEPENDENCE in the 1950s and 1960s.
THE WORST PART OF THE ZOOMLION SCANDAL
************************************************************
1. Zoomlion's obscene Contract with the Youth Employment Agency (YEA) to manage street and market cleaners has ended.
2. The YEA is prepared to keep the arrangement that gives Zoomlion 600 cedis out of the 850 cedis allocated to each sweeper per month. This means Zoomlion will receive 600 and the sweepers will continue to receive 250.
3. According to this letter, Zoomlion has not paid the sweepers for OVER ONE YEAR, although the company is paid for interest on loans it claims to take to pre-finance the contract.
4. The YEA, per the new arrangement, is proposing to pay the cleaners' 250 cedis to them directly and pay 600 cedis per per cleaner to Zoomlion for managing them.
5. Zoomlion says it will not agree to this arrangement. It wants to take its 600 cedis from the YEA and also take the sweepers' 250 from the YEA. It wants to continue to control the payment to the cleaners, which it has defaulted for over one year.
6. Why does Zoomlion not want the YEA to pay the cleaners directly?
7. This letter does not state it, but for many years now, the YEA has said Zoomlion's claim of 45,000 cleaners on the payroll is not accurate. When the YEA asked Zoomlion to produce a payroll for verification, Zoomlion failed to do it.
8. If YEA takes over the payment of the cleaners, the truth will be revealed. So, it's understandable that Zoomlion wants to control everything.
9. Note that the YEA CEO has been fighting since 2022 to stop the Zoomlion arrangement so that the sweepers can be managed by the YEA and the district assemblies. He did not get the support of the board, which is chaired by Anita Kusi Boateng, the wife of Rev. Victor Kusi Boateng of the National Cathedral saga.
10. It is unclear whether the board will allow the management of the YEA and the assemblies to take over the contract or whether the board will still allow Zoomlion to keep this fraudulent contract and owe the sweepers for this long.
11. It is worth noting that the YEA pays its beneficiaries at least 500 cedis a month. The only exception is in this cleaners' arrangement that gives a chunk of the money to Zoomlion while the cleaners go home only 250 cedis, which is less than half of the minimum wage.
12. President Akufo-Addo knows about this deal, but he has failed to support the YEA CEO who wants it terminated.
Here is the list of the YEA board members who are supposed to decide on this letter. Let's hope their conscience guides them to terminate this obscene arrangement.
1. Mrs. Anita Kusi Boateng ---Board Chair
2. Pius Enam Hadzide---Member
3. Kofi Baah Agyepong--- CEO & Member
4. Dr. Eric Yeboah ---Member
5. Vincent Ekow Assafuah---member
6. Bright Wireko Brobbey---Member
7. Lawrencia Ahema Adams---Member
8. Alexander Awotwi---member
PLEASE SHARE! #Zoomlion #YEA #JusticeForCleaners #HaveMercyOnThePoor
As you listen to these helpless people share their heartbreaking stories, remember that Zoomlion is paid 850 per person a month, but the contract says the company should pay them 250 cedis and keep 600 cedis as management fees. They say this is the 10th month they have not received any payment.
And this is the 11th year I have consistently highlighted this thievery and enslavement of our people by the politicians. Not even the leadership of THE CHURCH OF PENTECOST, who are on record to have lobbied politicians to keep Zoomlion's contracts (I have the video evidence), appear to be listening to what their respected elder's business is doing.
We used to drink directly from this river when we go the farm. 😥 #StopGalamseyNow
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M.Cee ASABEE
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We r jux ordinary ppl.GOD WILL MAKE A WAY....AMEN #snap chat asabee_99. #IG-@mcee_asabee # TEAM CHELSEA FC #winnerBestCampusMceeUccawards16
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You can literally see the chemicals in the water bruh! The most heart breaking thing?..They were still working. Sigh💔
#StopGalamsayNow #FreeTheCitzens
🎥 @_Jay_Sterling_
Yesterday i was in Amasaman. NPP had a rally and the NDC was there so I parked and did community engagement on Galamsey.
Here’s a thread of what I learnt from speaking to about 36 different people on this menace as well as the protests.
🧵 #StopGalamseyNow #FreetheCitizens
The Protest on October 3 is colourless. Bin the fear. Do not be timid.
Far younger people have fought dangerous causes in the past for the life we enjoy today.
We cannot fail the unborn generation.
#StopGalamseyNow
#FreeTheYouth
😂😂😂 Real
NKRUMAH FOUNDED MODERN GHANA
============================
EXCERPTS FROM CHAPTER 10 (PAGES 162-202) OF “GHANA: THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE, 1919-1957” BY F. M. BOURRET (PUBLISHED IN 1960)
1. Bourret states on page 162 of his book "Ghana: The Road to Independence, 1919-1957” that of “all the steps taken towards the goal of political autonomy during this period, the MOST NOTABLE, however, was THE 1946 [BURNS] CONSTITUTION with its provision for a clear African majority on the legislative council and for a legislative union between the Colony and Ashanti.”
2. Ashanti had always preferred a FEDERAL STATE/REPUBLIC since the 1940s. Sir Frederick Bourne's report in 1955 advised against federation as being unsuitable for so small a country but recommended dilution of power to regional assemblies.
3. The 1946 constitution failed after the 1948 riots – a developing wage-earning class mobilised politically and socially. Scarcely a year after the inauguration of the 1946 constitution, certain groups were dissatisfied and, in August 1947, set up the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC). Its members, under the direction of Mr George Grant- and Dr Danquah, were drawn from the upper middle class, mostly lawyers and merchants…The UGCC members [mostly elites] wanted self-government at the “earliest opportunity” and thought/took it for granted that “they would retain their leadership as the country advanced towards independence.”
4. But this all changed when Dr Kwame Nkrumah became the Secretary of the UGCC in December 1947. Late in 1947, one of the Accra subchiefs, Nii Bonne, began to organize a boycott campaign to force prices to be lowered. It started in January 1948, but it was difficult to get the people to obey its regulations. Finally, at the end of February, the Accra Chamber of Commerce agreed to reduce prices, and on the 28th, retail buying was resumed. On the same day, a group of ex-servicemen planned to hold a parade but were shot at, with 2 killed and about 5 others wounded at the Junction to Christianborg Castle.
5. The 1948 Watson Report recommended more autonomy for the Gold Coast. In January 1949, the government appointed an all-African committee under the chairmanship of the 55-year-old Sir. Henley Coussey. The 38 members included chiefs and people from all parts of the country, among them all of the 'Big Six' except Nkrumah. The group represented all sections of public opinion except the most radical. In other words, they wanted to dialogue with the moderates and not the likes of Nkrumah, who had become more radical in his approach at this time. Things might have been different had they included Nkrumah in the Coussey Committee.
6. The October 1949 Coussey Report became the basis of the 1951 Constitution. While the Coussey Report was welcomed by more moderate public opinion, it was CRITICIZED by radicals, especially by the Accra Evening News (Kwame Nkrumah's paper). NKRUMAH WANTED FULL DOMINION (INDEPENDENCE), NOT SEMI-INDEPENDENCE, as some of the moderates (including those in the UGCC elites camp) wanted.
7. UGCC folks felt Nkrumah betrayed them (page 173) by using his general secretary position to build a personal following. In September 1954, a new National Liberation Movement (N.L.M.) emerged in Ashanti over issues of cocoa prices afforded to farmers. There were a series of violent clashes between CCP and NLM members in 1954 and 1955. Many of the NLM leaders were ex-CPP members.
8. After the Togoland problem was settled via the plebiscite, the crucial general election required by Mr Lennox Boyd to ascertain whether the NKRUMAH INDEPENDENCE PROPOSALS were supported by a reasonable majority was announced for 12 and 17 July 1956. The election results were so significant that they satisfied the British Government to eventually grant independence to the new nation called Ghana.
9. The final draft of the 1957 constitution maintained a UNITARY STATE, although Nkrumah made some concessions to opposition demands (page 199). The new constitution was signed by HM Queen Elizabeth II on 2 February 1957.
10. Nkrumah is the founder of modern Ghana, although the name Ghana existed for several decades before going to Rev JM Anaman's days in the late 1890s. There was also even an opposition “Ghana Congress Party (GCP)”, which had been the leading opposition party under the 1951 constitution – this was the party of the UGCC, which represented the position of the Chiefs and other older intelligentsia. The records show that the opposition parties at the time wanted a semi-autonomous state and not the UNITARY REPUBLIC known as Ghana today. Yes, they played a role in fine-tuning the constitution and making other suggestions. However, the Ghana we know today would not have existed, but for Nkrumah's constant agitation for full independence and a unitary state, not a federal one. We can argue the merits of unitary vs federal, but we must stay true to the historical records.
MAIN REFERENCE
---Bourret, F. M. (1962). Ghana: The road to independence, 1919-1957. London: Oxford University Press. pp 160-202
NB: I've made Chapter 10 of the book available for download at https://t.co/KsDDpusy7k
![mytheoz's tweet photo. NKRUMAH FOUNDED MODERN GHANA
============================
EXCERPTS FROM CHAPTER 10 (PAGES 162-202) OF “GHANA: THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE, 1919-1957” BY F. M. BOURRET (PUBLISHED IN 1960)
1. Bourret states on page 162 of his book "Ghana: The Road to Independence, 1919-1957” that of “all the steps taken towards the goal of political autonomy during this period, the MOST NOTABLE, however, was THE 1946 [BURNS] CONSTITUTION with its provision for a clear African majority on the legislative council and for a legislative union between the Colony and Ashanti.”
2. Ashanti had always preferred a FEDERAL STATE/REPUBLIC since the 1940s. Sir Frederick Bourne's report in 1955 advised against federation as being unsuitable for so small a country but recommended dilution of power to regional assemblies.
3. The 1946 constitution failed after the 1948 riots – a developing wage-earning class mobilised politically and socially. Scarcely a year after the inauguration of the 1946 constitution, certain groups were dissatisfied and, in August 1947, set up the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC). Its members, under the direction of Mr George Grant- and Dr Danquah, were drawn from the upper middle class, mostly lawyers and merchants…The UGCC members [mostly elites] wanted self-government at the “earliest opportunity” and thought/took it for granted that “they would retain their leadership as the country advanced towards independence.”
4. But this all changed when Dr Kwame Nkrumah became the Secretary of the UGCC in December 1947. Late in 1947, one of the Accra subchiefs, Nii Bonne, began to organize a boycott campaign to force prices to be lowered. It started in January 1948, but it was difficult to get the people to obey its regulations. Finally, at the end of February, the Accra Chamber of Commerce agreed to reduce prices, and on the 28th, retail buying was resumed. On the same day, a group of ex-servicemen planned to hold a parade but were shot at, with 2 killed and about 5 others wounded at the Junction to Christianborg Castle.
5. The 1948 Watson Report recommended more autonomy for the Gold Coast. In January 1949, the government appointed an all-African committee under the chairmanship of the 55-year-old Sir. Henley Coussey. The 38 members included chiefs and people from all parts of the country, among them all of the 'Big Six' except Nkrumah. The group represented all sections of public opinion except the most radical. In other words, they wanted to dialogue with the moderates and not the likes of Nkrumah, who had become more radical in his approach at this time. Things might have been different had they included Nkrumah in the Coussey Committee.
6. The October 1949 Coussey Report became the basis of the 1951 Constitution. While the Coussey Report was welcomed by more moderate public opinion, it was CRITICIZED by radicals, especially by the Accra Evening News (Kwame Nkrumah's paper). NKRUMAH WANTED FULL DOMINION (INDEPENDENCE), NOT SEMI-INDEPENDENCE, as some of the moderates (including those in the UGCC elites camp) wanted.
7. UGCC folks felt Nkrumah betrayed them (page 173) by using his general secretary position to build a personal following. In September 1954, a new National Liberation Movement (N.L.M.) emerged in Ashanti over issues of cocoa prices afforded to farmers. There were a series of violent clashes between CCP and NLM members in 1954 and 1955. Many of the NLM leaders were ex-CPP members.
8. After the Togoland problem was settled via the plebiscite, the crucial general election required by Mr Lennox Boyd to ascertain whether the NKRUMAH INDEPENDENCE PROPOSALS were supported by a reasonable majority was announced for 12 and 17 July 1956. The election results were so significant that they satisfied the British Government to eventually grant independence to the new nation called Ghana.
9. The final draft of the 1957 constitution maintained a UNITARY STATE, although Nkrumah made some concessions to opposition demands (page 199). The new constitution was signed by HM Queen Elizabeth II on 2 February 1957.
10. Nkrumah is the founder of modern Ghana, although the name Ghana existed for several decades before going to Rev JM Anaman's days in the late 1890s. There was also even an opposition “Ghana Congress Party (GCP)”, which had been the leading opposition party under the 1951 constitution – this was the party of the UGCC, which represented the position of the Chiefs and other older intelligentsia. The records show that the opposition parties at the time wanted a semi-autonomous state and not the UNITARY REPUBLIC known as Ghana today. Yes, they played a role in fine-tuning the constitution and making other suggestions. However, the Ghana we know today would not have existed, but for Nkrumah's constant agitation for full independence and a unitary state, not a federal one. We can argue the merits of unitary vs federal, but we must stay true to the historical records.
MAIN REFERENCE
---Bourret, F. M. (1962). Ghana: The road to independence, 1919-1957. London: Oxford University Press. pp 160-202
NB: I've made Chapter 10 of the book available for download at https://t.co/KsDDpusy7k](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GUOSZkOXEAAoxSR.jpg)
I will never accept any argument to the effect that JB Danquah originated the name Ghana. - Frimpong Yaw Anokye #JoyNews
Personally, I believe one person cannot be the sole founder of a country.
Just as it is with many countries, Ghana was founded by the collective effort of several individuals and groups.
But just as it is with other countries also, there’s always that one person destined to lead the charge at that watershed moment.
In Ghana’s case, Nkrumah led the charge.
There’s enough deep-rooted and unmistakable documentary evidence to support this view. The debate has lingered for over half a century but the facts remain unshaken. No amount of spin has changed and would change that.
Biblically, several Israel leaders had fought enslavement even before Moses was born.
But it is Moses who is indubitably known to have led them out of Egypt. In the 40 years in the wilderness, I suppose he wasn’t the only one in command but he led it, and he hold the recognition. Doesn’t make the others contribution immaterial. These things I believe, are destined.
Mandela is variously referred to as Madiba (Father) of South Africa not because he’s the only that fought and liberated South Africa from apartheid. Some others were imprisoned longer than he was.
Destiny said he’d be the one. Same for Lee Kuan Yew, Julius Nyerere, Jomo Kenyatta, Kaunda etc for modern day Singapore, Tanzania, Kenya and Zambia respectively.
Nkrumah is ours. There’s no contest for equal equal recognition.
God bless the toil of all our forefathers and make our nation great and strong.
Ghanaian languages: Punishing students for speaking vernacular must stop. - Okudzeto Ablakwa
#JoyNews
Here is the presentation he is talking about
"A beggar's mistake harms no one but the beggar.
A king's mistake, however, harms everyone but the king. Too often, the measure of power lies not in the number who obey your will, but in the number who suffer your stupidity.
- R. Scott Bakker, The Judging Eye
AFRICAN COUPS/INTERVENTIONS: ON WHOSE TERMS?
From investigations and given recorded history. 100% of the coups that happened in Nigeria in the past were at the instance of the colonial powers. Not for once was ECOWAS summoned to remove the coup plotters.
The highest number of coups on the continent of Africa, most of them fatal, have been reportedly sponsored by and happened at the instance of France. In none of those cases was ECOWAS’ voice heard out loud, and neither was there any call for military intervention from ECOWAS.
A democratically elected president of Ivory Coast, Laurent Gbagbo was kicked out of power in the most humiliating and disgusting fashion - in a full blown French-instigated conspiracy that had his wife raped in his presence by western-sponsored rebels who invaded the presidential palace after UN jets bombed it from all sides, and they claimed he was a criminal and sent him to the ICC on multiple count charges of corruption and all manner of criminality. Guess what? After years of incarceration, he was acquitted - NOT GUILTY of anything because it was all a satanic, colonial set up, backed by the UN. What did ECOWAS do? You guessed right! Nothing! AU? Nothing!
Today, we have a new wave of coups, supported by the people rather than the puppet masters, and ECOWAS is suddenly under pressure to act. My question: if there was no need to unleash ECOWAS and deploy her forces when the western-inspired coups happened, why should ECOWAS be unleashed now, if Africa is a free continent?
The west gave us the term “democracy” and claimed it’s the government of the people by the people for the people? Well, let’s see…do the people support the coups in these west African countries? You check for yourself! And if they do, why should there be an intervention if the western “democracy” in Africa isn’t a scam? Just asking for a friend.
I come in peace.
If we are only willing to spend 1 Ghana cedi per child, I honestly think the Government should stop the school feeding programme
1 Ghana cedi! That includes the caterers profit? And they haven’t even been paid for months.
Where are they shopping for supplies? What kind of food does one buy for less than 50 pesewas, then spend on cooking, and transporting the food.
Very soon, either a major scandal will break that some caterers are mixing saw dust into their food; or we are nearing major outbreak of food poisoning that will result in the death of school children.
This is the largest Government funded Kwashiorkor programme I have ever seen.
Ghana Must be Freed from the Clutches of State Captors
State Captors are people who have high positions in state institutions, ministries, Jubilee House etc and use their decision powers to benefit themselves at the expense of the country
They can even use the public purse to demonize their perceived enemies
We must fish them out because frankly they are ENEMIES OF THE STATE!
The Supreme Court could have decided the Domelevo case in two weeks and kept him in office. That’s how they handled some of the suits against the EC when the suits were close to the election. This judgment is of no use now. JUSTICE DELAYED IS JUSTICE DENIED!
Kumawu is a reminder that the Freedoms we seek won’t come by accident or passively through the ballot box. For Poverty and inequality breeds more partisanship not liberation
Activism, dedicated social mobilizing and civil disobedience is the only path.
#FixTheCountry
This is the legacy of your political class and the patronage culture of the civil establishment.
This is how far the gatekeepers have brought us.
Those that call us names and feel displaced by the urgency of our demands for reform. Those that cut their cloth from the coat-tails of the politicians they bootlick. This is for you.
Ayekoo!
#DzimakplaRepublic
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