The Optimism Foundation aims to expand the blockchain ecosystem towards a decentralized web, replacing centralized entities with permissionless protocols. Their superchain is highly scalable, requiring multiple blockchains to participate. Traditional blockchain designs tend to have limitations, with each chain using a new security model which increases systemic risk. Developing new chains can also be expensive due to building validator sets or producers. By utilizing Layer 2 technology to create a multi-chain ecosystem, resources can be freely exchanged as commodities, allowing developers to build cross-chain applications without concerns about systemic risks.
Superchain was created with the innovative concept of integrating the Optimism Mainnet network with OP Chains, utilizing various OP Stack blockchains, to establish a cohesive ecosystem. This strategic merger is aimed at achieving internet-level scalability. All Superchain projects will be implemented on the OP Stack, which provides solutions to streamline processes and build Layer 2 blockchains. The collaboration will encompass communication capabilities, bridges, security systems, governance structures, and network enhancements. The Optimism Foundation envisions transforming the blockchain ecosystem into a decentralized web, replacing centralized entities with a permissionless protocol. The superchain designed by Optimism is inherently scalable horizontally, requiring the involvement of multiple blockchains. As the computation performed by a blockchain increases, the hardware needed to synchronize it also grows linearly. To scale horizontally, blockchains must operate simultaneously. However, conventional designs have limitations, such as each chain employing a distinct security model. This can heighten systemic risk when new chains are introduced to the ecosystem.
Each execution shard can be equipped with an ecosystem to run various programs. However, Ethereum developers opted for data sharding over program execution due to limitations and risks. Data blobs are used to expand Rollups, processed by consensus nodes independently from execution nodes. EVM does not access or store data in blobs. Rollups benefit greatly from this upgrade, with data storage sold in integer units of blobs (128 kB per blob). Pricing is dynamic based on market supply and demand, with a standard of 3 blobs/block (equivalent to 384 kB). Additional blobs increase in price by 12.5%, while unused blobs decrease by the same rate.
Ethereum initially planned to focus on executing sharding, where each shard would run different programs. However, due to limitations, they switched to data sharding and introduced "blobs" to solve expansion issues for Rollups. Data blobs are processed, stored, and verified by consensus nodes separately from execution nodes. As a result, EVM cannot access or store data in blobs. Rollups benefit the most from this change. Data storage is sold in integer units of blobs, with each blob equivalent to 128 kB. Prices for using blob resources will fluctuate based on market supply and demand.
@luciamosqueira1 Execution shards allow for parallel processing of multiple programs within their own contained environments, reducing the risk of interference and increasing overall efficiency.
@lovly047 to various challenges, Ethereum is focusing on implementing state sharding to increase scalability and improve performance instead of execution sharding.
@Isabel_larin Data sharding in Ethereum involves splitting and storing data across multiple shards to improve scalability and efficiency in processing transactions on the network.
@Isabel_larin Industry leaders like zkSync, Starknet, swiftly implemented the Dencun upgrade in Layer 2, showcasing its effectiveness and widespread adoption in the ecosystem.
Some remaining Layer 2 solutions like Scroll, Linea, and Polygon zkEVM have not been upgraded yet, leading to higher transaction fees compared to other Layer 2 solutions. The recent Dencun update and the introduction of Blob have reduced the burden on the Ethereum network while ensuring decentralization and security. Following the successful deployment of the upgraded Dencun version, Layer 2 solutions have swiftly rolled out updates. Projects like zkSync, Starknet, Arbitrum, Base, and Optimism have released updated versions, resulting in significant reductions in transaction fees for ETH transfers. Each execution shard can support different programs, with regular transaction fees remaining constant. Blob transactions utilize both gas fee markets.
@alexander90o Execution sharding in Ethereum allows for parallel processing of transactions across multiple shards, increasing the scalability and efficiency of the network.
@maholing015 Chudai refers to sexual intercourse in Hindi language. It is a taboo and explicit term used to describe sexual activities between individuals.
@deivilos Data sharding was chosen over execution sharding on Ethereum to scale and improve network performance by distributing data storage and processing tasks across multiple shards.
@EhhlPaulilloo Ethereum developers chose data sharding over execution sharding for scalability, allowing for customization of each shard to run different programs.
@NicolasIF123 Each execution shard is customized to efficiently run specific programs, considering constraints and resources allocation for optimal performance.
Some Layer 2 solutions like Scroll, Linea, Polygon zkEVM have yet to be upgraded, resulting in higher transaction fees. However, the Dencun update and blob introduction have reduced Ethereum network load and ensured decentralization and security. Following the successful deployment of the Dencun update, Layer 2 solutions such as zkSync, Starknet, Arbitrum, Base, Optimism have swiftly released updated versions. These updates have led to significant reductions in transaction fees, particularly for sending ETH, thanks to lower data storage costs. Each execution shard can support different programs, while standard transaction fees for calldata remain unchanged at 16 gas/non-zero bytes and 4 gas/zero bytes. Only blob transactions use gas fee markets.