This new video on our YouTube channel explains what vasospasms are and how myocardial bridges cause them. When people have vasospasms in the same artery where they have a significant MB, it is virtually guaranteed that the MB is a cause of the spasms.
https://t.co/cr4COUKAqK
This person's recent CT report said in the body they had a myocardial bridge... but the conclusion said their arteries were all "normal," with no mention of the MB. Huh? MBs don't get more obvious than this.
2020 Mayo study links MBs to MVD: "In patients with [MBs], epicardial endothelial dysfunction... is independently associated with both epicardial and microvascular endothelial dysfunction... [suggesting] an underlying association between the two."
https://t.co/43B84XKqXR
Ischemia in the heart muscle from MBs is basically like the heart is being "choked." People with MBs often feel "oxygen hunger" and shortness of breath (SOB) because the brain detects a severe mismatch between how hard the heart is working and how much oxygen it is receiving.
1) Stenting an existing myocardial bridge risks the patient's life: not only from stent breakage, but arterial dissection - *however*
2) Stenting an area *after* unroofing surgery has been tried and was successful in keeping damaged arteries open. We need more docs open to it.
Elon Musk literally sat down for a 45-minute talk with Y Combinator that explains how to build world-changing companies better than any business school on earth. This is the advice he gave a room full of young founders:
1. Don't try to build something great. Try to build something useful.
Everyone obsesses over greatness. Musk says that's the wrong target. "I didn't originally think I would build something great. I wanted to try to build something useful. I didn't think I would build anything particularly great. Seemed unlikely, but I wanted to at least try." Aim for useful first. Greatness, if it comes, is a byproduct.
2. When you can't get in the front door, build your own door.
Before Musk started his first company, he tried to get a job at Netscape. "I sent my resume into Netscape and nobody responded. I tried hanging out in the lobby to see if I could bump into someone, but I was too shy to talk to anyone. So I'm like, this is ridiculous, I'll just write software myself." He didn't set out to be a founder. He became one because no one would hire him.
3. He slept in the office and showered at the YMCA.
The origin of his first company was not glamorous. "We couldn't even afford a place to stay. The office was 500 bucks a month, so we just slept in the office and showered at the YMCA." He couldn't afford proper internet either, so he drilled a hole through the office floor and ran a cable to the internet provider downstairs. That was the founder of the future richest man on earth.
4. Keep the chips on the table.
When Musk sold his first company, he received a $20 million cheque. His bank balance went from $10,000 to $20 million overnight. Most people would have stopped. He put almost all of it straight back into his next company. "I kept the chips on the table." He did the same thing decades later, over and over. He hates money sitting idle. Money is fuel for the next mission.
5. Start with the mission, then work backwards to make it a business.
Musk didn't start SpaceX to make money. He went on the NASA website to find out when humans were going to Mars, and there was no plan. So he decided to build one. "There had been no prior example of a rocket startup succeeding. A small chance of success is better than no chance of success." The mission came first. The business model came later.
6. He started SpaceX expecting to fail.
He is brutally honest about the odds. "SpaceX started in mid-2002 expecting to fail. Probably 90% chance of failing. When recruiting people, I said, we're probably going to die, but small chance we might not die." The first three launches failed. The fourth one worked with no money left. "If the fourth launch hadn't worked, it would have been curtains. We made it by the skin of our teeth."
7. Break every problem down to physics.
This is the core of how Musk thinks. "First principles means break things down to the fundamental elements that are most likely to be true, then reason up from there, as opposed to reasoning by analogy." His example is rockets. Everyone priced them based on what old rockets cost. Musk asked what a rocket is actually made of, priced the raw metals, and found the materials were only 1-2% of the historical price. The rest was inefficiency he could attack.
8. When told something takes 24 months, break it down and do it in six.
Last year xAI needed a giant computer to train its AI. Suppliers said it would take 18 to 24 months. "It's like, well, we need to get that done in six months or we won't be competitive." So he broke it into parts. Needed a building, so he found an old factory. Needed power, so he rented generators. Needed cooling, so he rented a quarter of America's mobile cooling capacity. He slept in the data centre and ran cabling himself. It got done.
9. Watch your ego-to-ability ratio.
Musk's single sharpest piece of advice for young founders is about staying honest with yourself. "A major failure mode is when your ego-to-ability ratio gets too high. Then you break the feedback loop to reality." Keep the ego small, internalise responsibility for everything, and stay ruthlessly connected to what's actually true. "You want to close the loop on reality hard. That's a super big deal."
10. Chase work, not glory.
His closing philosophy ties it all together. "It's so hard to be useful. The area under the curve of total utility is how useful you've been to your fellow human beings times how many people. If you aspire to do true work, your probability of success is much higher. Don't aspire to glory, aspire to work."
He was ridiculed for years. The press called him "internet guy attempting to build a rocket company." He agreed it sounded absurd. He did it anyway, because a small chance of doing something useful beat no chance at all.
Here's the thing though....
Musk became the most followed founder alive because everything he does happens in public. The launches, the failures, the talks like this one. The companies made him powerful. The personal brand made his every word travel around the world before he finishes saying it.
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https://t.co/UoXuYlkBQq
Person on our website is having second unroofing surgery at 70 y.o. First one did not unroof several arteries. And she just learned , after years of testing, she has a ramus intermedius - and that it has an MB too! Doctors miss MBs so often, it might be the rule not the exception
Here's a new video on our YouTube channel that takes a tour of the coronary arteries and shows how they relate to myocardial bridges
https://t.co/AQcZWFJC3M
A patient on our site just had unroofing surgery with Dr. Ramzy in Houston. MB length estimated at 3 cm before surgery, but was 5 cm during surgery. Super common for doctors to underestimate MB lengths based on images, or miss them altogether. Many MBs are only found in surgery.
CT and cath reports only as meaningful as the people writing them are competent. One patient had a CT two months before surgery, found zero MBs. In surgery, 7 MBs unroofed. Take your "insignificant" test results with 100 grains of salt.
Caths are highly flawed in diagnosing myocardial bridges. Caths only show the squeezing resulting from an MB (not the actual MB) and often only the worst most obvious part, leaving other MB areas undiagnosed - which are often found during surgery only - and only if surgeons look
Patient on our Facebook site who just had unroofing surgery:
"Dr. Ramzy was pleased and he actually found a second bridge that never showed up on a scan. He said heโs glad he found it because I would have went home and still had problems and no one would have seen it on a scan."
Docs: The angle at which an artery with a myocardial bridge crosses the heart muscle can make a *big* difference in patient symptoms.
Also, don't rely on RFR/IFR/DFFR scores to determine if a patient needs unroofing surgery. These #s are often misleading for MBs.
Great example of how super common it is for images to give gross underestimates of MB lengths:
Patient 1 - CT estimate: 2.5 cm; later 5 cm MB was unroofed
Patient 2 - cath estimate was 4.4 cm; later 6 cm was unroofed. 36% longer than estimated
https://t.co/oyJEKBk0M4
Andrew Huberman: "Someone I really respect said this, 'There are basically two kinds of people in life. Winners and losers.' And the definition is thisโlosers take things that happen to them... and the wallow and they use it for self or outward destruction."
"Winners take whatever they feel, it sucks, and they transmute it into things that are good for themselves and for the world."
2025 report from Japan:
17 year old athlete had cardiac arrest from myocardial bridge. Was unroofed, mb was 3 cm long, 1 cm deep. RFR dropped from .87 to .73 with dobutamine.
https://t.co/IYpuaX2yIR
A patient on our site was told their myocardial bridge was 4 cm, it turned out to be 6 cm in surgery. It is extremely common for the MB to be longer, often much longer, than estimates in surgery. One lady was told 1 cm originally, it ended up being 6 cm in surgery.
Recent report of a nitroglycerine causing a collapsed LAD artery causing 99% occlusion in a myocardial bridge. Patient ended up having unroofing + bypass together
https://t.co/eMCxZGAoo5