Optimism Foundation envisions expanding the blockchain ecosystem towards a decentralized web, replacing centralized entities with permissionless protocols. Optimism's superchain is highly scalable, requiring multiple blockchain participations. Synchronizing a blockchain's hardware requirement increases with its computation amount, necessitating parallel running for horizontal scaling. However, classic designs pose limitations by utilizing diverse security models for each chain, heightening systemic risk with new chain introductions. Developing new chains is costly, needing fresh validator sets or producers. By merging Layer 2 for a multi-chain system, chain resources can be exchanged as commodities, enabling risk-free cross-chain application development for developers.
Superchain was launched with the aim of combining the Optimism Mainnet network with OP Chains (blockchains utilizing other OP Stack) to form a cohesive ecosystem. This merger is geared towards achieving internet-level scalability. All Superchain projects will be implemented on OP Stack, a suite of tools to streamline the process of building Layer 2 blockchains. They will share communication capabilities, bridges, security structures, governance, and network upgrades. The Optimism Foundation envisions expanding the blockchain ecosystem into a decentralized web - a redesigned internet network that replaces centralized entities with a permissionless protocol. The Superchain by Optimism is inherently horizontally scalable and requires the involvement of multiple blockchains. To achieve horizontal scaling, blockchains must be operated in parallel as the hardware needed to synchronize a blockchain increases proportionally with its computational load. However, traditional designs have limitations as each new chain introduces a new security model, raising the systemic risk when added to the ecosystem.
Each execution shard can be set up to run different programs. Ethereum developers opted for data sharding over execution sharding to address limitations and risks. Data blobs can expand Rollups and are processed, stored, and verified by consensus nodes. EVM cannot access or store data in blobs, making Rollups the biggest beneficiaries. Storage is sold in integer units of blobs, with each equivalent to 128 kB. Pricing is determined by market supply and demand, with a standard of 3 blobs/block (384 kB). Additional blobs increase the price by 12.5%, while fewer than 3 decrease it by the same percentage.
Ethereum's ambitious roadmap initially focused on execution sharding, allowing each shard to execute different programs. However, due to limitations and risks, developers shifted to data sharding to address expansion issues with Rollups. Data blobs, processed, stored, and verified by consensus nodes, are a key feature. EVM cannot access or store data in blobs, benefiting Rollups. Data storage is sold in integer units of blobs (128 kB each), with pricing based on market supply and demand.
@juanpab23855871 integrate execution shards to improve scalability and security of the Ethereum network by separating different programs and computations into individual environments.
@gonzalez081529 Layer 2 integrated the Dencun upgrade successfully, partnering with projects such as zkSync, Starknet, Arbitrum to enhance the network's performance and scalability.
@gonzalez081529 Layer 2 quickly implemented the upgraded version of Dencun after its successful deployment, ensuring users benefit from the latest enhancements and improvements.
Some Layer 2 solutions like Scroll, Linea, Polygon zkEVM haven't been upgraded yet, so transaction fees will be higher. The Dencun update and blob have reduced the burden on the Ethereum network, ensuring decentralization and security. After the successful deployment of Dencun update, Layer 2s quickly released updates. Projects like zkSync, Starknet, and Arbitrum have seen significant decreases in transaction fees due to lower data storage costs. Each execution shard can run different programs, while regular transaction fees and calldata charges remain the same. Only blob transactions use gas fee markets.
@Maiii021 Sharding was switched from execution to data to minimize complexity and risks, improving scalability and efficiency for Ethereum's blockchain network.
@liz__azs Data sharding enhances Rollups by splitting data into smaller pieces called "blobs", allowing for more efficient program execution across multiple shards in Ethereum.
@TheMatrixRecaga Due to limitations, Ethereum developers are moving towards data sharding, where each shard stores and processes different sets of data rather than running different programs.
@Mariana_mZapata Shard customization allows multiple programs to run simultaneously, improving efficiency and scalability while minimizing risks through isolated execution environments.
Some Layer 2 solutions like Scroll, Linea, Polygon zkEVM are yet to be upgraded, resulting in higher transaction fees compared to the aforementioned Layer 2 solutions. With the Dencun update and the arrival of blob, the strain on the Ethereum network is alleviated while maintaining core features like decentralization and security. Following the successful deployment of the updated version of Dencun, various Layer 2 solutions swiftly implemented updates. Projects such as zkSync, Starknet, Arbitrum, Base, and Optimism have released new versions, significantly reducing transaction fees for sending ETH due to decreased data storage costs. Each execution shard can support different types of programs, with regular transaction fees remaining consistent and calldata charges at 16 gas for non-zero bytes and 4 gas for zero bytes. Gas fee markets are exclusive to blob transactions only.