MMMC Pharmacology

The official twitter account of the Department of Pharmacology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, @ManipalUni

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

Centre for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, MAHE, Manipal in collaboration with Department of Pharmacology, MMMC, Manipal, hosting a national workshop on "Approaches to cardiovascular studies in laboratory animals"... https://t.co/a3vi2K1vaw

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

A 33-year-old man presents to his physician to discuss his plans for treatment of hyperthyroidism. One of the options is potassium perchlorate.
What is the mechanism of action of potassium perchlorate as... https://t.co/GIuhIh5Qyb

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

A 23-year-old man has been treated with cimetidine for 6 months.
What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
A-Adds a protective membrane to gastric mucosa
B-Blocks the secretion of hydrochloric acid
C-Neutralizes gastric acidity
D-Stimulates H2 receptors

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

A 29-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic heart disease and prosthetic aortic valve presents to her physician for consultation. She is referred by her dentist for prophylaxis before she undergoes an oral... https://t.co/tg3hPZSjT5

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

Side Effects of Statins | Mnemonic!

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

H - Hepatotoxicity

M - Myopathies

G - GI Upset

C - Cataract risk increase

R - Rhabdomyolysis
* Higher risk in elderly; those taking a fibrate; or hypothyroidism

I - Increased Risk of Diabetes

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

Busulfan | Mnemonic!

A B C D E F !

A - Alkylating agent

B - Bone marrow suppression

C - Chronic myeloid leukemia

D - Darkened skin (hyperpigmentation)

E - Emesis

F - Fibrosis of the lung ("Busulfan lung")

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

Drug Interaction

Both carbamazepine and phenytoin reduce efficacy of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives

- Use OCP with high-dose estrogen
- Use alternative contra. method
- Use Anti-epileptic drugs that... https://t.co/05qCoACzn7

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

Drug Interaction | Diuretics + Digoxin

Clinical Risk

- High-risk of digoxin toxicity due to hypokalemia

Management

- If used together, potassium levels should be closely monitored

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

Congratulations to Winners of Fantasy Bullets 5.0, Batch 41 students! Here are a few photos from the event for you to look back upon!

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

Beta 1 selective blockers including all of the following EXCEPT:

A-Esmolol
B-Propranolol
C-Atenolol
D-Metropolol

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

A 35-year-old man is brought to the emergency room after he became unresponsive upon experiencing agitation and confusion. He is known to have a history of Graves' disease. A physical examination is conducted,... https://t.co/nzprkukanx

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

A 77-year-old man presents to the emergency room with a complaint of retention of urine. Carbachol is administered to stimulate bladder emptying.
Which of the following is a prominent side effect of carbachol?... https://t.co/x9b2EZSszU

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

Because allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and because mercaptopurine is metabolised by this enzyme - taking both medicines at the same time can lead to mercaptopurine toxicity. As the latter is an immunosuppressant, it increases infection risk.

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

Alkylating agents work by attaching an alkyl group - CnH2n+1 - to the guanine base of DNA, at the #7 nitrogen atom of the purine ring.

Examples of alkylating agents:

1) Cyclophosphamide

2) Carmustine

3) Busulfan

4) Melphalan

5) Ifosfamide

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

A Navy SEAL was asked, why do you train in such extreme conditions?

He replied “Under pressure you don’t rise to the occasion, you sink to the level of your training. That’s why we train so hard.”

#TipsForNewDocs

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

Due to their hypotensive effects, ACE inhibitors are associated with first-dose hypotension; an effect augmented if patients are co-prescribed other hypotensive-producing agents. First-dose may, then, be taken... https://t.co/EcswXBVmPD

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

Tranexamic acid is used to prevent excessive blood loss. It works as an antifibrinolytic agent that prevents plasmin from binding to and degrading fibrin.

Potential side effects:

- Headache
- Backache
- Nasal sinus problem
- Abdom. pain
- Diarrhea

Rarely, visual disturbances.

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

Levodopa is converted to dopamine when it crosses the blood-brain barrier.

Dopa decarboxylase inhibitors – such as benserazide and carbidopa – prevent peripheral metabolism, allowing levodopa to be safely... https://t.co/PK4blIeQbc

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

MNEMONIC - Side Effects of Aspirin!
A - asthma, worsening
S - stomach ulcers / bleeding
P - platelet separation / increased risk of bleeding
I - intestinal blood loss
R - Reye syndrome (in children)
I - Idiosyncrasy; allergic reaction
N - noise; tinnitus (high doses)

[MMMC Pharmacology @mmmcpharmac]

Due to reduced blood flow through the kidneys, NSAIDs reduce the efficacy of drugs such as diuretics while decreasing the elimination of other drugs, such as methotrexate. #DrugInteractions