a top article from @societalruin
based on the replies and some of the quotes, you could tell most people in the community didn’t really get the point.
so, my aim is to break it down in a more understandable way, just tying it to real-life stuff kek.
basically, lucian is trying to say → blockchains are slow and expensive when it comes to heavy-duty work.
so now, there's a smarter way to do that heavy work somewhere else (“off-chain”) and just bring back a receipt to the blockchain to prove it was done correctly.
this “receipt” is a special one, called a zero-knowledge proof (that’s the “zk” part). it proves you did a calculation right without showing the whole work.
he likened it to two concepts i really like:
∘ co-processor (specialist)
∘ l2 (branch office)
- let’s start with ethereum for example. think of it as a general manager at a company. ask it to run complex financial calculations or scan massive data, and it slows down + becomes expensive.
• the specialist here acts like an accountant.
the manager (main smart contract) is like, “yo, i don't have time, accountant, help out.”
the accountant (zkVM) runs the complex stuff in their own cheaper, faster office, then comes back with a receipt (zk-proof) that proves everything checks out.
manager doesn’t need to redo the work, just checks the receipt. if valid, they approve and update the records.
- now, the branch office angle (layer 2)
imagine the company is growing like crazy. too much stuff happening at once, small transactions every minute.
the L2 is like a branch that handles all these smaller tasks independently (sales, inventory, etc.).
it doesn’t bug the head office with every small thing. instead, it runs on its own, and at the end of the day, it sends back one summary report, with a zk-proof that proves everything was legit.
the head office checks just that one report. done. this is what’s called settlement.
so, in a nutshell ):
• co-processor → a specialist hired for one tough job. core state stays onchain.
• L2 → a full branch that does everyday stuff, then syncs back once in a while.
a must-read for every zk lover ↡
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@SerrDavee massive reoccurrence for me anyway.
is that kind of scenario where what you expect to be is > than what you actually are.
most times, it just boils than to focus.