Pawan Rao MD, FASN🩺

❤️ preserving, treating & transplanting kidneys. Chief @stjosephshealth. @UTHealthSA alum. #NephSap reviewer. #Cricket enthusiast. @cuse fan! Love #nephtwitter

[Sayed S Rahman @SayedSRahman1]

Approach to Non-Albumin predominant proteinuria .

Suspect when
- There is discrepancy between dipstick and 24hr proteinuria or
- UACR not making predominant part of UPCR .

[Daniel Coyne @DrDanMO]

Oh, boy! Avacopan!…

[TEJAS PATEL MD, FACP, FASN @GenNextMD]

Interesting physiology study

Efficacy of Tonlamarsen in Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension: The KARDINAL Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial | ⁦@JACCJournals⁩ #hypertension #angiotensinogen https://t.co/4be2L1n9Wv

[The Lancet @TheLancet]

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic cause of chronic kidney disease.

A Review focuses on current approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and specific aspects of clinical management. Read more: https://t.co/MCdwWqJbDf

[𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒄𝒚💊 @aboutpharmac]

Dyslipidemia updated 2026

[Pawan Rao MD, FASN🩺 @nephronus]

https://t.co/PmtfUqtPMN #igan

[Edgar V. Lerma 🇵🇭 @edgarvlermamd]

Pillars of IgA Nephropathy #IgAN Treatment
#ISNWCN 🇯🇵 #WCN26 🇯🇵 #WCN2026 🇯🇵
#Nephpearls

👉🏼 https://t.co/o39xxa0Ifr

[C. Michael Gibson MD @CMichaelGibson]

Dr. Deepak Bhatt and Dr. C. Michael Gibson discuss the MOMENTUM study: Among U.S. patients with resistant HTN, 27.3% were found to have endogenous hypercortisolism, a significantly higher prevalence than previously recognized. #ACC26 Watch video here: https://t.co/v9ojWxUmYR

[ERM @Owner_X429]

New RNA-based therapies:• siRNA (e.g., zilebesiran)• Antisense oligonucleotides

→ Enabling long-acting, upstream RAAS suppression

💡 This could redefine hypertension management:

From:“Blocking pathways”

To:“Reprogramming the system”

[Conrad Fischer @SeeFisch]

FASTER CORRECTION OF SODIUM IS BETTER

Sodium Correction Rates and Associated Outcomes Among Patients With Severe Hyponatremia: A Retrospective Cohort Study: Annals of Internal Medicine: Vol 179, No 3 https://t.co/mNSvsyqIaO

[Fouad Chebib, MD, FASN @fouadchebib]

It was wonderful working with this amazing group of PKD experts to provide the US perspective on the global @goKDIGO ADPKD guidelines.
Check out this figure for chapter 4
@PKDFoundation @PkdResearch @MayoClinicNeph

[CME INDIA @CMEINDIA1]

AACE 2026 – Type 2 Diabetes Algorithm Update

🔹 Pearl 1 — Diabetes care is no longer glucose-centric

AACE 2026 shifts the paradigm from HbA1c control to comprehensive cardiometabolic risk reduction.

🔹 Pearl 2 — Obesity is now a primary therapeutic target

Weight management is not adjunct—it is central to both prevention and treatment of T2D.

🔹 Pearl 3 — Treat adiposity early, not late

Early use of anti-obesity pharmacotherapy (e.g., GLP-1 RA / dual incretins) is encouraged to alter disease trajectory.

🔹 Pearl 4 — Complications drive therapy selection

Choice of drugs should be guided by ASCVD, CKD, HF, and obesity—not just HbA1c level.

🔹 Pearl 5 — GLP-1 RA and SGLT2 inhibitors remain foundational

These agents are prioritized for both glycemic control and organ protection (heart, kidney, weight).

🔹 Pearl 6 — “Right diagnosis” precedes “right treatment”

AACE introduces emphasis on evaluating diabetes type—avoid mislabeling all patients as T2D.

🔹 Pearl 7 — Prediabetes is a treatable disease state

Aggressive lifestyle + weight-focused interventions can delay or prevent progression.

🔹 Pearl 8 — Dyslipidemia management is integral, not optional

LDL-C and non-HDL targets are critical components of diabetes care.

🔹 Pearl 9 — Hypertension control is part of diabetes therapy

Blood pressure optimization is a core pillar of reducing macrovascular risk.

🔹 Pearl 10 — Personalization is the new standard

Therapy must be individualized based on phenotype: obesity, sarcopenia, CV risk, renal status, and age.

🔹 Pearl 11 — Move from “treat to target” to “treat to outcome”

Focus shifts toward reducing events (MACE, CKD progression, mortality), not just numbers.

🔹 Pearl 12 — Diabetes is a multisystem disease

Management must integrate metabolic, cardiovascular, renal, and functional domains.

🔶 CME INDIA One-Line Takeaway

“AACE 2026 redefines diabetes care: treat weight early, reduce risk aggressively, and individualize therapy beyond glucose.”

https://t.co/5JqYZ4ccfc

[Eric Topol @EricTopol]

If you've had a kidney stone, you've been advised that the most important thing to prevent another bout is to increase hydration. Now a randomized trial of hydration in over 1600 participants showed no benefit, despite evidence of increase during volume. https://t.co/9ipUGlIsMz

[Dr Alo, DO, FACC @MohammedAlo]

GLP-1 RA Discontinuation & Risks of Major Adverse CV Events

1️⃣ Stopping For 6 Months: 4% Increased Risk
2️⃣ Stopping For 1 Year: 14% Increased Risk
3️⃣ Stopping For 2 Years: 22% Increased Risk

https://t.co/tyX5OeHIrE

@DrNadolsky @DrKarlNadolsky @NutritionMadeS3 @drmatthewnagra @BevTchangMD @MichaelAlbertMD

[David McKenzie @mckenzielaw]

I am 51 years old, and this morning I woke up with my bladder. In the clinical vernacular of high-grade urothelial carcinoma, that qualifies as a small miracle of modern immunotherapy.

I am now six consecutive cystoscopies clear — cancer-free by every measure available to modern urology — thanks to a drug called #Anktiva, an IL-15 superagonist that, when combined with BCG, activates the body's own natural killer cells (NK) to hunt residual disease. It is, in the estimation of the physicians who administer it, a genuine paradigm shift in bladder preservation. It is also, in the estimation of the bureaucracies that control access to it, an inconvenient line item.

Just yesterday, March 9, 2026, @ImmunityBio officially resubmitted its supplemental biologics license application to the FDA seeking approval of Anktiva for papillary-only NMIBC— the precise indication that describes my disease. The FDA acknowledged receipt. No new clinical trials were requested because, from my unscientific mind, none were needed: the QUILT-3.032 data have been shouting for two years.

The three-year numbers show 96% disease-specific survival and an astonishing bladder-preservation rate for patients like me. The question that should haunt every policymaker in Washington is elemental: How many bladders were unnecessarily removed in the 24x months it took for the paperwork to catch up with the science?

A brief autobiography of absurdity.

In April 2024, I sat in a urologist's office in Raleigh, North Carolina, learning that a recurrent tumor had appeared near my bladder neck. I was 49 (!). BCG — the only FDA-approved intravesical immunotherapy for 4x decades — had seemingly failed me.

My urologist did not reach for the cystectomy playbook; no, he's a careful clinician who exhausts every bladder-sparing option before surrendering an organ. But we both understood the arithmetic. High-grade recurrence after BCG narrows the corridor. Each failed therapy nudges you closer to the end of the algorithm, where a surgeon removes your bladder, your prostate, and your surrounding lymph nodes, harvests a segment of your small intestine, and constructs a urinary diversion. Not fun to this David. The clinical euphemism for the aftermath is "altered quality of life." The honest term is grimmer (you pick that term).

And here is what the euphemism obscures: a radical cystectomy is not even a cure. It is a trade. Urothelial carcinoma can recur in the upper tracts, the urethra, or at distant sites. The surgery itself carries a complication rate that would make a malpractice actuary reach for a stiff drink — bowel obstruction, chronic metabolic acidosis, recurrent urinary infections, sexual dysfunction, stomal complications. You surrender the organ and still live under the piano. The insurer, in other words, is not purchasing a definitive solution with a cystectomy. It is purchasing a more expensive, more morbid uncertainty.

Five days after my recurrence surgery, by sheer providence, I learned at a Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network walk in Chapel Hill that the FDA had approved a drug called Anktiva — just five days earlier. A nurse practitioner pointed me toward the ImmunityBio booth. I waited for the company's representatives to return from the walk (I had run it), took their cards, and connected them with my urologist that same week. The timing was cinematic. The bureaucratic odyssey that followed was Kafka.

Anktiva had been approved for NMIBC with carcinoma in situ. My disease was papillary without CIS. Same organ, same lethality, same drug, same mechanism of action — but a different billing code. And in American medicine, the billing code is sovereign. What ensued was two months of insurance denials, appeals, prior authorizations, secondary denials, secondary appeals, and the occasional Orwellian phone call in which a claims adjuster with no medical training explained to my board-certified urologist why the drug he prescribed was not "medically necessary." My nurse and I wept on the phone when the first approval came through. Then it was rescinded. Then approved again. Then denied again.

That the drug eventually reached my bladder is a testament to individual heroism within an institutional wasteland. My urologist refused to accept no for an answer and waged a months-long campaign against an insurance apparatus designed to outlast precisely that kind of physician. A hospital administrator at WakeMed stuck his neck out to find a pathway through his own institution's reimbursement labyrinth when others might have shrugged and deferred. The drug company's field representatives (Erin, prayers up 🙏, and thank you) moved with an urgency that matched the clinical stakes. And I, for my part, brought twenty-two years of litigation instincts to a process that rewards exactly that disposition and punishes everyone who lacks it.

These are the people who took risks. My urologist took clinical risk. The administrator took institutional risk. ImmunityBio took the scientific and financial risk of developing a novel immunotherapy. I took the existential risk of being a guinea pig. The system rewarded none of us. It rewarded the toll collectors.

There are three absurdities that define the Bladder Preservation Tax, and they are worth naming precisely.

The first is architectural. My urologist — the physician who scoped my bladder, resected my tumors, prescribed the drug, and monitors me quarterly — could not administer Anktiva in his own office. Not because he lacked clinical competence.

The procedure is identical to a standard BCG instillation: you mix the drug in, catheterize the patient, wait two hours, and drain. A nurse practitioner could supervise it.

But under the "Buy and Bill" reimbursement regime, a private urology practice cannot absorb the financial risk of a $36,000 retrospective denial triggered by an insurer's retroactive coverage determination. Only the hospital's oncology department — bolstered by 340B drug pricing discounts and a battalion of billing specialists — could afford to play the game.

I've been physically relocated one floor down, from urology to oncology, not for any medical reason but to satisfy a ledger. My urologist became a referring physician for his own treatment plan. If this drug is not moved into the urological setting — into the offices of the physicians who actually treat bladder cancer — the vast majority of eligible patients will simply never receive it. The oncologists were there to catch the ball, and I am grateful they did. But the ball should never have been thrown.

The second is regulatory. The FDA approved Anktiva for CIS on the strength of a 71% complete response rate — a figure that crushed the agency's own 30% efficacy benchmark. For papillary disease without CIS, the QUILT-3.032 trial showed a 54% improvement in BCG efficacy, 96% disease-specific survival at three years, and an 80% bladder-preservation rate — the highest in any published series for this population.

And yet the FDA issued a Refusal to File letter in May 2025, then spent ten months in procedural back-and-forth before acknowledging the resubmission yesterday.

I do not doubt the agency's scientific rigor. I question its sense of proportion. When the data show that four out of five patients in a study cohort preserved their bladders over three years, the regulatory question is no longer whether the drug works. It is whether the agency can process its own answer fast enough to matter.

The third is economic. Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina was prepared to pre-authorize a radical cystectomy — a six-figure hospitalization with a high complication rate and a lifetime of follow-up costs — while simultaneously denying coverage for a $36,000 outpatient immunotherapy that might render the surgery unnecessary.

Let that settle. Read that once more. The insurer preferred the more expensive, more dangerous, less efficacious option because the immunotherapy didn't fit neatly into an existing reimbursement code. This really pisses me off.

The cystectomy generates facility fees, billable complications, durable medical equipment revenue, and downstream specialist referrals for years. The immunotherapy generates a coverage headache. One need not be a health economist to identify which outcome the system is optimized to produce.

Because I fought this battle — loudly, exhaustingly, and with a lawyer's instinct for leverage — our local oncology center at WakeMed in Raleigh is now treating seven additional patients who might otherwise have faced more drastic interventions. Seven bladders preserved because one patient happened to have the resources, the temperament, and the professional training to survive the bureaucracy. That's not a healthcare system. That is a proof of concept for its failure.

The rent-seekers — and I use that term with its full Ricardian weight — are not the scientists who developed this drug or the surgeons who administer it. They are the intermediaries who profit from complexity: insurers who have industrialized denial, hospital systems that have mastered 340B arbitrage, and a regulatory apparatus that cannot distinguish between protecting patients and protecting the administrative status quo. They take no clinical risk. They accept no physical consequence. They produce no innovation. They collect a toll.

I have my bladder. I have my health. I have six clear cystoscopies and a gratitude that borders on the theological. But I am a fifty-one-year-old attorney with a combative disposition, a patient girlfriend, and enough disposable rage to treat the insurance appeals process as a second litigation practice. Most bladder cancer patients do not have those luxuries. Most comply with the denial letter. Most lose the organ.

---

*David L. McKenzie is an attorney in Raleigh, North Carolina, specializing in intellectual property and First Amendment law. He is a bladder cancer patient advocate and has been in sustained remission from high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer since April 2024.

[Anila Cara @AnilaCara]

Management of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: treatment standard https://t.co/KEKZld1Jzi @SolosVJR 👏🎉

[ERM @Owner_X429]

Lupus nephritis 2026 triple therapy

[AJKD @AJKDonline]

“A Change is Gonna Come” to Treatment of Lupus Nephritis: A Review

@TWhittier_RUSH

https://t.co/3aCXnJfnIj

[Gunnar Henrik Heine @gunnar_heine]

Resistant Hypertension Is Not Essential
It Is Primarily Aldosteronism
https://t.co/99TiXcYtzr

[DocXus @docxusofficial]

Daily BP pills are soon to be OBSOLETE

And most people haven’t even heard of what’s replacing them.

Zilebesiran. One injection. Six months of blood pressure control. That’s it.

Not a better pill. Not a new combination tablet. A completely different mechanism that makes daily dosing irrelevant.

Here’s why this matters:

1.3 billion people globally have hypertension. We’ve had drugs for it for 40 years. Control rates are still garbage. Why?

Because 50% of patients don’t take their meds properly. That means every second patient is either skipping doses or quitting entirely.

Patients are already swallowing five or six other pills a day and the BP tablet is the first one they drop.

We cracked the pharmacology 40 years ago. We never figured out how to get humans to actually take the pills.

Zilebesiran bypasses the adherence problem entirely.

Here’s what it actually does:

- siRNA delivered to liver cells via GalNAc conjugation
- enters the RISC pathway
- finds angiotensinogen mRNA and destroys it
- the protein that feeds the entire renin angiotensin system never gets made
- not blocking RAAS downstream like every ACE inhibitor and ARB on the market
- killing it at the source

Two shots a year. No forgetting pills. No adherence curve to worry about ever again.

The one thing everyone needs to know though. There is no reversal. No antidote. No off switch. You take the shot and your RAAS is suppressed until the drug clears on its own months later. Potentially risking excess hypotension.

It’s too early but that’s the real debate. Near perfect adherence on one side. Complete irreversibility on the other. Every cardiologist and nephrologist on earth is going to have to pick a side on this.

But the direction is already locked in. RNA therapeutics in hypertension isn’t some speculative future. It’s here. It’s in trials. It works.

The way we think about blood pressure treatment is about to fundamentally change.

The era of daily antihypertensives had a 40 year run.

It’s ending. And it won’t be gradual.