I’ve never seen a movie get carried as much by word of mouth, and honestly? Rightfully so. Just saw Obsession again yesterday and the theater was completely sold out… on a Monday night! 🤯🎬
If "all Israel" suddenly shifted to mean the combined body of Jews and Gentiles (the Church), Paul's logical contrast between the two distinct groups in the exact same sentence would break down. Catholic commentators note that "Israel" must mean the same ethnic group in verse 26.
Israel is the original people of God. The Church is the expansion of that same covenant to the whole world. They are distinct right now, but remain spiritually bound together until they are fully reconciled at the end of history
The Church views this current separation as a profound holy mystery, rather than a permanent division. According to Saint Paul in Romans 11, the temporary "hardening" or unbelief of part of Israel was permitted by God so that the Gospel could break out of the borders of Judea.
Before or at the moment of Christ’s return, there will be a massive, grace-filled turning point where the Jewish people recognize Jesus as the true Messiah.
For the portion of Israel that did not accept Jesus, Paul writes that a "hardening" has come upon them, but crucially, he notes this is temporary and serves a cosmic purpose: it allowed the Gospel to spread to the Gentile (non-Jewish) world.
The Catechism of the Catholic Church states that the final arrival of the Messiah is mysteriously "suspended" or delayed until a specific event happens: the recognition of Jesus by "all Israel."
The Catholic Church was the first Western institution to condemn slavery in Sicut Didum which condemned the enslavement of Canary Islanders in 1435, Sublimus Deus in 1537 which condemned the enslavement of Native Americans, finally In Supremo in 1837 which condemned all slavery