Partial nephrectomy is often performed for renal tumors in order to preserve renal function.
Absolute indications include bilateral tumors or solitary kidney, while a relative indication is a cancer syndrome. Ideal candidates vary based on tumor size, location, and surgeon skill
Nutcracker syndrome is the compression of the left renal vein by the superior mesenteric artery.
It can mimic other urologic disease, as it’s symptoms are often nonspecific including flank pain, hematuria, pelvic congestion, or varicocele.
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