In classical physics, measuring something reads out a pre-existing value. E.g., Velocity is what it is !
In Quantum world, measurement is an active, irreversible process. Our article explains foundation of 2026 ETH Zürich experiment.
#ETH#PakCrypt#STEM
https://t.co/YdoHsWefVf
Every system designed to maintain a shared, authoritative record — from a national land registry to a public blockchain — faces a governance problem that outlasts its technical design. Here is our analysis:-
https://t.co/5y8kBKmyLD
#blockchain#crypto#GRC
A startup with FPGA experience can now design a production-grade chip on a free, open-source toolchain and have it manufactured by a world-class foundry with $100K budget. #startup#compute#chip#pakcrypt
https://t.co/xrtNuI2erZ
There are five core mental phenomena: consciousness, self-awareness, thinking, intelligence, and free will. Each concept occupies a distinct stratum in the architecture of mind.
https://t.co/ax2mjCHsQy
This article traces the history of public key cryptography from its classified origins in the 1960s through the post-quantum era of today.
#crypto#encryption#lattice#NIST
https://t.co/v5Iyp27qIT
https://t.co/XgycmSRmMI
Continuous health testing during operation is therefore mandated by all major certification frameworks, including NIST SP 800-90B and BSI AIS 31.
The proliferation of block cipher modes of operation across NIST publications (SP 800-38A through 800-38G), IEEE standards, and academic literature has created a genuine problem
https://t.co/RO3FHOa8Dc
On March 11, 2025, NIST announced the selection of HQC (Hamming Quasi-Cyclic) for standardization as a code-based Key Encapsulation Mechanism to enable security against Quantum Attacks. https://t.co/GXdicrVLmj
The IETF draft-ietf-tls-hybrid-design reached maturity in March 2026, providing a standardized construction for hybrid key exchange in TLS 1.3. This specification enables the combination of traditional elliptic-curve Diffie-Hellman with post-quantum KEMs.
https://t.co/M9tUU6EPu5
Al-Kindi (9th c.) pioneered frequency analysis—how often letters appear in a ciphertext and matching them to a language’s patterns . It shattered “unbreakable” substitution ciphers and launched scientific cryptanalysis. #AlKindi#CryptoHistory
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Galois (1811–1832) died at just 20—fatally wounded in a duel—yet transformed crypto: founding group theory and creating Galois theory. His life was heartbreakingly brief, with an impact forever. #Pakistan#Islamabad#cybersecurity
https://t.co/mCupIuyC0P
Galois (1811–1832) died at just 20—fatally wounded in a duel—yet transformed crypto: founding group theory and creating Galois theory. His life was heartbreakingly brief, with an impact forever. #Pakistan#Islamabad#cybersecurity
https://t.co/mCupIuyC0P
"... once the machine thinking method had started, it would not take long to outstrip our feeble powers. They would be able to converse with each other to sharpen their wits. At some stage therefore we should have to expect the machines to take control."
https://t.co/mCupIuyC0P
The concepts in following resources will help to unlock many riddles of Round 2. Stu Schwartz: Cryptology for Beginners (Amateur) W. Stalling: Cryptography and Network Security 7e and JP Aumasson: Serious Cryptography (Professional)
#Pakistan#Islamabad#competitivemindset