Gap junctions and plasmodesmata have similar very similar functions, but the structure of them are very different from one another.
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Although tight junctions do not provide access for things to travel from one cell to another, they are still very important. They create a watertight seal between cells to keep liquid from passing between two cells.
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Cells without intercellular junctions would be like a building with several rooms, but no doors or windows. Nobody could go in or out!
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Desmosomes are the MOST important when it comes to holding cells together. They form a very strong bond and are also anchored in the cytoplasms of the two cells.
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Gap junctions are primarily what help cells communicate (similar to plasmodesmata in plants). They provide a channel in which small molecules like amino acids and sugars can pass from one cell to the next.
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Desmosomes, which are in animal cells, are also called anchoring junctions. They bind two cells together, while keratin proteins anchor them in the cytoplasm to keep them in place.
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