If you travel at a very high speed, time for you will pass much more slowly compared to other people.
This is not just a theoretical concept. This effect has already been experimentally measured.
In 1971, physicists Joseph Hafele and Richard Keating used Cesium atomic clocks to test this. They placed some atomic clocks on commercial airplanes and flew them around the world, while other identical clocks were kept on Earth as references. The flights were made both eastward and westward.
Cesium atomic clocks were used here because the expected time difference was extremely small. To accurately measure this tiny difference, they needed clocks that could measure time with extremely high precision.
When the airplanes completed their journeys and returned, the Cesium atomic clocks on the airplanes were compared with the clocks on Earth. The clocks did not record exactly the same amount of elapsed time. The eastward flight clock showed slightly less elapsed time compared to the ground clock.
In other words, slightly less time had passed for the clock that had traveled on the airplane compared to the clock that remained on Earth.
And this is what makes the whole concept so interesting.
This effect is explained by Einstein's theories of relativity. The time dilation caused by speed comes from Einstein's Special Relativity, while the Hafele-Keating experiment also involved the effect of gravity. According to Special Relativity, when an object moves at a very high speed, time passes more slowly for it compared to a relatively stationary observer. This is called Time Dilation.
Now, let's understand this with an example.
Suppose you are 20 years old and you travel in a spacecraft at around 99.9% of the speed of light. If, according to the spacecraft's own clock, you travel through space for 10 years, only 10 years will have passed for you.
So when you return to Earth, you will be about 30 years old.
But on Earth, about 224 years will have passed.
This means that time is not something that necessarily passes at exactly the same rate for every observer. As your speed becomes more extreme, the difference in elapsed time between you and a relatively stationary observer can become much larger.
In other words, theoretically, if you could travel extremely close to the speed of light, you could experience only a few years yourself while hundreds of years pass on Earth.
And that is what makes Einstein's theory of relativity so mind-blowing.