HAL

Med Stuff

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

Chiari formation - protrusion of the structures of the posterior fossa through the foramen magnum.

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

Hypersegmented neutrophils seen in foliate or B 12 deficiency, drug affects #Hematology #USMLE

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

Tear drop cells - myelofibrosis or marrow infiltration (malignancies), splenic abnormalities, megaloblastic anemia, thallasemia #Usmle #hematology

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

Rouleaux formation - alignment of RBCs in stack, maybe due to paraproteinemias such as MM, macroglobulinemia) or artifactual. #Usmle #Hematology

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

Vitamin B 12 deficiency can present in a subtle manner in an elderly patient. You may not see any features of anemia but the blood picture may be consistent with increase in mean corpuscular volume. These patients we also present with ataxia, dementia, and occasionally delerium.

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

Post exposure prophylaxis following a sexual assault include HIV (teno-emcit w ralteg), chlamydia (azith), trichomomas (metro), HepB (vaccine +-Ig) and gonorrhea (ceftriax)

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

Ulipristal is the most effective emergency oral contraceptive and copper IUDs are overall most effective emergency contraceptives. Information should be provided to anyone who has had unprotected intercourse within a 5 day window

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

STOP-BANG score for the assessment of OSA. Snoring, tired, Observed you stop breathing, pressure (BP) - BMI, age, neck circumference and gender

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

ASA inhibits Cox-1 which prevents Arachidonic acid metabolism, no TxA2 and no platelet activation and aggregation.

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

II - normal confrontational VF, intact direct light reflex, intact swinging flashlight test
III - IV - VI - no ptosis, normal pupil size and normal EOM
V - intact sensory
VII - facial symmetry
VIII - normal hearing b/l
IX - X - positioning of uvula, soft palate symmetry

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

Pulmonary embolism is usually managed with heparin (LMWH as well as UNF) in stable patients or with fibrinolysis in unstable patients.

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

Fat embolism is a clinical diagnosis characterized by a triad of respiratory insufficiency, neurological insufficiency and petechial rash (all d/t widespread dissemination of fat embolis?) secondary to multiple complicated fractures.

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

ABPA commonly seen in patients with underlying asthma can result in bronchiectasis and lung fibrosis and hence should be mainly managed with oral steroids NOT anti-fungals as usually mistaken and Q&As. #USMLE #Allergy

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

PR interval represents atrial depolarization, is between 3-5 small squares (120-200 ms). QRS is shorter representing ventricular depolarization, about 120 ms (3 small squares). #EKG #Learnyourheart

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

QRS complex doesn’t represent contraction of ventricles but only ventricular depolarization. Contraction is proceeded during the ST segment #EKG #Learnyourheart

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

The most common causes of massive hemoptysis include: bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, bronchogenic carcinoma, and infectious (p. westermani)

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

Massive #hemoptysis has no clear cut definition, ranging from 200 mL to 1000 mL of blood produced in 24 hours or more than 100 mL in a single setting.

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

In partial small bowel obstruction, management is conservative, IV fluids, NG suction, and electrolyte replacement.

If there is an impending strangulation/ischemia patient should undergo immediate surgical correction. #Surgery #Usmle

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

Ogilvies syndrome is pseudo-obstruction of the colon, characterized you cecum and right sided colon dilation without any mechanical obstruction to the intestinal contents. #Usmle #Surgery

[HAL @prep4USMLE]

Post operative adhesions are the most common cause of small bowel obstruction followed by an abdominal surgery