In March 1815, Napoleon really did escape exile on Elba and returned to France, beginning the period known as the Hundred Days, as French soldiers sent to arrest him instead defected and rallied back to his side.
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Today but 86 years ago, The Siege of Leningrad began, eventually becoming one of the longest and deadliest sieges in history, lasting almost 900 days.
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Today but 1550 years ago, Germanic chieftain Odoacer deposed the boy-emperor Romulus Augustulus in Italy, an event traditionally marking the end of the Western Roman Empire and the start of the medieval era.
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Alexander the Great's empire fell apart almost immediately after his death in 323 BCE, splintering into rival successor kingdoms within just a few years, since he left no clear heir or succession plan despite conquering vast territory in only about a decade.
Today but 88 years ago, Germany invaded Poland, marking the official start of WWII in Europe. The invasion began with the Battle of Westerplatte, a week-long defense by a small Polish garrison against a much larger German force.
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Hitler admitted had delved deeply into sixteenth- and seventeenth-century occult writers. Hitler supposedly tried to convince Mussolini he was "mystically and scientifically convinced of being possessed by a spirit of prehistoric Aryan mythology".
A day like today, 113 years ago, a German aircraft dropped bombs on Paris, marking one of the first aerial bombings of a European capital during the war.
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Today we are launching a new course on The American Revolution. We are launching 35+ lessons with more to come over the next weeks/months.
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The Roman Senate renamed the month of Sextilis to Augustus (August) in 8 BC, citing several of the emperor's greatest triumphs occurring in that month.
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A day like today, 214 years ago, Napoleon fought the Battle of Dresden. This was widely considered Napoleon's last great victory, defeating a much larger coalition army.
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Franz Joseph I was the emperor who held Austria-Hungary together for most of its existence. Austria-Hungary dissolved in 1918, at the end of World War I. Franz Joseph didn't live to see the breakup.
A day like today, 1948 years ago, Vesuvius erupted, burying Pompeii and Herculaneum in ash and pyroclastic material. Traditionally dated to August 24, though some archaeological evidence points to an autumn eruption instead.
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Erwin Rommel commanded the 7th Panzer Division during Germany's invasion of France. His division advanced so rapidly through the Ardennes and across northern France that it earned the nickname "Ghost Division", even the German high command often didn't know its exact location.
While Danish Vikings mainly settled in England and France and Norwegian Vikings pushed across the Atlantic to settle Iceland, Greenland, and North America, Swedish Vikings headed east, ultimately becoming the elite "Varangian Guard" for the Byzantine Emperor in Constantinople.
Launching 30+ new lessons on World War I, the last of this course.
How the war ended, the treaty that punished Germany, and the soldiers' return.
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Today, but it is 82 years ago, allied and French Resistance forces liberated Paris, culminating with General Charles de Gaulle leading a triumphant march down the Champs-Élysées.
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The iconic story of Cleopatra dying from a cobra (asp) bite is famous but disputed. Some historians suspect she used a fast-acting poison, possibly carried in a hollow hairpin. Ancient accounts note that no snake was found in her chambers after her death.
After 1914, Germany was largely on the defensive on the Western Front, holding captured French and Belgian territory. They had need to advance, so they invested in making their positions as strong and permanent as possible.
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Today but 258 years ago, Napoleon was born just a year after France annexed Corsica from Genoa, into a family of minor Corsican nobility.
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