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Exploring the macrocyclic chemical space for heuristic drug design with deep learning models
1.The authors introduce CycleGPT, a GPT-based chemical language model specifically designed to generate and optimize macrocyclic compounds, a class of molecules with strong therapeutic potential but limited existing data and exploration tools.
2.CycleGPT tackles the data scarcity challenge through a progressive transfer learning strategy: starting with 365,063 bioactive small molecules, then refining the model with 19,920 macrocycles, and finally fine-tuning it for specific targets like JAK2.
3.A key innovation is HyperTemp, a novel heuristic sampling strategy that balances chemical validity and novelty by adjusting token probabilities in a fine-grained way. It reduces over-reliance on high-probability tokens and encourages exploration of suboptimal yet promising alternatives.
4.In benchmark comparisons, CycleGPT-HyperTemp achieved 79.02% validity and 55.80% novel\_unique\_macrocycles—significantly outperforming prior models like Char\_RNN, MolGPT, and MTMol-GPT on generating novel, valid macrocycles.
5.UMAP visualization confirms that CycleGPT can smoothly shift from general chemical space to macrocyclic space and then to the specific region of a drug like Loratinib, supporting scaffold hopping and ring modification strategies familiar to medicinal chemists.
6.For target-specific design, the authors applied CycleGPT to optimize macrocyclic JAK2 inhibitors. Starting from three macrocyclic leads, the model generated over 5000 structurally diverse candidates in the relevant chemical neighborhood.
7.CyclePred, a graph-based predictor built on MacFrag and PharmHGT, was used to filter high-activity compounds. Top-ranked macrocycles were then docked with Maestro and Rosetta, leading to six candidates for synthesis.
8.Of these six compounds, three showed single-digit nanomolar IC50 values against JAK2. Notably, compound 2 (IC50 = 1.17 nM) outperformed Fedratinib in both enzyme inhibition and cellular antiproliferative assays.
9.Compound 2 also demonstrated superior kinase selectivity: at 100 nM, it inhibited only 17 wild-type kinases (vs. 55 for Pacritinib and 34 for Fedratinib), highlighting its potential for reducing off-target effects.
10.In a rhEPO-induced polycythemia mouse model, compound 2 effectively reduced hematocrit, reticulocyte count, and spleen size. At 100 mg/kg, it matched or exceeded the efficacy of higher doses of Pacritinib and Fedratinib.
11.This study provides a fully prospective example of macrocyclic drug design assisted by deep learning, integrating language modeling, novel sampling, activity prediction, docking, synthesis, and in vivo validation.
12.CycleGPT enables medicinal chemists to move beyond hand-designed modifications and exhaustively explore privileged macrocyclic chemical space, offering a scalable tool for early-phase lead optimization.
📜Paper: https://t.co/Ak9hfltphE
#Macrocycles #DrugDiscovery #DeepLearning #SMILES #AI4Science #Chemoinformatics #JAK2 #ComputationalBiology #MolecularDesign #CycleGPT
1/ Excited to share "Patch n' Pack: NaViT, a Vision Transformer for any Aspect Ratio and Resolution". NaViT breaks away from the CNN-designed input and modeling pipeline, sets a new course for ViTs, and opens up exciting possibilities in their development.
https://t.co/K2nBjKHldH
@slavacereteli Диалог с сербской кассиршей - единственный где можно почуствовать себя ассимилированным, зная только пару србских слов. Главное чтобы она не спросила ничего лишнего кроме треба кэса.
Если хотите научиться решать задачи на теорию вероятностей, посмотрите эти ролики:
https://t.co/rRG3z90ih8
https://t.co/YRUW2Y0ktG
https://t.co/ta8rSy3WCN
https://t.co/gp0HH1lKfI
https://t.co/NajDi4fe81
https://t.co/I8Abg8QcEj
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