Ronil Gandhi

[The White House @WhiteHouse]

The American flag still waves proud & free.

[Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent @SecScottBessent]

Two hundred and fifty years ago, a band of patriots gathered in Philadelphia and changed the course of history.

What followed was eight years of war, sacrifice, and an unshakable belief that liberty was worth fighting for. Against all odds, they defeated the greatest empire on earth and founded a republic unlike any before it. Their courage secured the blessings of liberty for generations of Americans.

Today, we celebrate 250 years of American Independence. As @POTUS has said, the best is yet to come. Happy Independence Day, and God bless the United States of America.

[Secretary Marco Rubio @SecRubio]

For 250 years, America has been the greatest nation on Earth — and with God’s grace, it will be for 250 more.

Happy Independence Day!

[Ronil Gandhi @RonilGandhi08]

Happy 250th Birthday, America!
God bless the United States of America. 🇺🇸

[The White House @WhiteHouse]

250 years ago, a bold idea changed the course of history. Today we celebrate the people, principles, and enduring promise of the United States of America.

Happy 4th of July from the White House. 🇺🇸

[The White House @WhiteHouse]

Today, America wakes 250 years later as a beacon of hope, a republic entrusted to its people, an idea that changed the world.

A nation worth preserving. A dream worth pursuing. A freedom defended by every generation.

Happy 250th, America! 🇺🇸

[The White House @WhiteHouse]

GOD BLESS AMERICA. 🇺🇸🎆

[Startup Archive @StartupArchive_]

Naval Ravikant: “The smart and leveraged are getting richer”

“I’ve been saying this for a while, but the leverage in the system is insane,” Naval begins. “Leverage is a force-multiplier for your work. The oldest form of leverage is labor (you have people working with you or for you). Then it was capital (you’re investing money behind a problem). Then it was media (you’re writing a book and people are listening to you and your words are moving many people to do things)… Then code came along. Code is this incredible, permissionless form of leverage where you have robots and data centers cranking away for you. And now the leverage is increasing through AI, agents, robots, supply chains, 3D printing, and all the things you can do to amplify your work.”

Naval reflects on the claim that there will be 1-person, billion-dollar companies and points out that there actually already have been: Minecraft and Bitcoin were both 1-person projects.

“The leverage will just continue to increase, which means non-linear returns.” Naval explains. And he points out that this has important societal implications:

“Society is just not built to handle that. You can see all of the outcry against the rich getting richer and billionaires and all that, but it’s not really that the richer are getting richer. It’s that the smart and leveraged are getting richer. If you’re smart, and you’re highly-leveraged, you’re knowledge-creation power (earning-power is downstream of knowledge) is so much higher than your peers that you may have left behind in college and they just have no idea what’s coming. It’s going to be a kind of crazy time.”

Source: @zfellows (Aug 2025)

[Marc Andreessen 🇺🇸 @pmarca]

Kevin Kelly @kevin2kelly is neck and neck with Ray Kurzweil for the best technology forecaster of the last 40 years.

[Andrej Karpathy @karpathy]

New 2h11m YouTube video: How I Use LLMs

This video continues my general audience series. The last one focused on how LLMs are trained, so I wanted to follow up with a more practical guide of the entire LLM ecosystem, including lots of examples of use in my own life.

Chapters give a sense of content:
00:00:00 Intro into the growing LLM ecosystem
00:02:54 ChatGPT interaction under the hood
00:13:12 Basic LLM interactions examples
00:18:03 Be aware of the model you're using, pricing tiers
00:22:54 Thinking models and when to use them
00:31:00 Tool use: internet search
00:42:04 Tool use: deep research
00:50:57 File uploads, adding documents to context
00:59:00 Tool use: python interpreter, messiness of the ecosystem
01:04:35 ChatGPT Advanced Data Analysis, figures, plots
01:09:00 Claude Artifacts, apps, diagrams
01:14:02 Cursor: Composer, writing code
01:22:28 Audio (Speech) Input/Output
01:27:37 Advanced Voice Mode aka true audio inside the model
01:37:09 NotebookLM, podcast generation
01:40:20 Image input, OCR
01:47:02 Image output, DALL-E, Ideogram, etc.
01:49:14 Video input, point and talk on app
01:52:23 Video output, Sora, Veo 2, etc etc.
01:53:29 ChatGPT memory, custom instructions
01:58:38 Custom GPTs
02:06:30 Summary

Link in the reply post 👇

[Andrej Karpathy @karpathy]

New 3h31m video on YouTube:
"Deep Dive into LLMs like ChatGPT"

This is a general audience deep dive into the Large Language Model (LLM) AI technology that powers ChatGPT and related products. It is covers the full training stack of how the models are developed, along with mental models of how to think about their "psychology", and how to get the best use them in practical applications.

We cover all the major stages:
1. pretraining: data, tokenization, Transformer neural network I/O and internals, inference, GPT-2 training example, Llama 3.1 base inference examples
2. supervised finetuning: conversations data, "LLM Psychology": hallucinations, tool use, knowledge/working memory, knowledge of self, models need tokens to think, spelling, jagged intelligence
3. reinforcement learning: practice makes perfect, DeepSeek-R1, AlphaGo, RLHF.

I designed this video for the "general audience" track of my videos, which I believe are accessible to most people, even without technical background. It should give you an intuitive understanding of the full training pipeline of LLMs like ChatGPT, with many examples along the way, and maybe some ways of thinking around current capabilities, where we are, and what's coming.

(Also, I have one "Intro to LLMs" video already from ~year ago, but that is just a re-recording of a random talk, so I wanted to loop around and do a lot more comprehensive version of this topic. They can still be combined, as the talk goes a lot deeper into other topics, e.g. LLM OS and LLM Security)

Hope it's fun & useful!
https://t.co/75mXcUBI8L

["Leigh Marie" Braswell @LM_Braswell]

If you are offered a seat on a rocket ship, take the seat and have faith in your abilities to transition to your ideal seat on the rocket ship over time.

^This is the most common advice I give to new grads looking for early-stage startup product / bizops roles. Fast-growing startups inherently have tons of growth opportunities for really good people.

[The Nobel Prize @NobelPrize]

“Maths has been an incredible tool for describing physics. In the same way I think AI might be an incredible descriptive language for biology.”

- @demishassabis, awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work using artificial intelligence to predict the 3D structure of proteins.

Listen to his Nobel Prize lecture where he explains his hope for the future of the technology: https://t.co/7k8Z70CuiY

[The Nobel Prize @NobelPrize]

The 2024 #NobelPrize laureates in chemistry Demis Hassabis and John Jumper have successfully utilised artificial intelligence to predict the structure of almost all known proteins.

In 2020, Hassabis and Jumper presented an AI model called AlphaFold2. With its help, they have been able to predict the structure of virtually all the 200 million proteins that researchers have identified. Since their breakthrough, AlphaFold2 has been used by more than two million people from 190 countries. Among a myriad of scientific applications, researchers can now better understand antibiotic resistance and create images of enzymes that can decompose plastic.

Read more about their story: https://t.co/nWxcZs6wqC

[unusual_whales @unusual_whales]

Jensen Huang of Nvidia, $NVDA: "Greatness does not come from intelligence. Greatness comes from character, and character isn't isn't formed out of smart people: it's formed out of people who have suffered."

[The Transcript @TheTranscript_]

Roger Federer: "In tennis, perfection is impossible... In the 1,526 singles matches I played in my career, I won almost 80% of those matches... Now, I have a question for all of you... what percentage of the POINTS do you think I won in those matches? Only 54%. In other words, even top-ranked tennis players win barely more than half of the points they play. When you lose every second point, on average, you learn not to dwell on every shot"

[Kevin Kelly @kevin2kelly]

Over the long term, the future is decided by optimists.

[Brad Gerstner @altcap]

Fascinating to watch emotions of my kids watching AlphaGo doc - glimpse into the future where kids feel stress at the inferiority of humans even tho humans clearly designed the AI. “Will we (humans) lose at everything?” @polynoamial https://t.co/v0PtAP4M0T

[Kevin Kelly @kevin2kelly]

We crave experts for the new thing but almost all experts are expert in the old thing.